research-article

BLINK: a high throughput link layer for backscatter communication

Authors:

Jeremy Gummeson,

Deepak GanesanAuthors Info & Claims

MobiSys '12: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services

Pages 99 - 112

https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307646

Published: 25 June 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Backscatter communication offers an ultra-low power alternative to active radios in urban sensing deployments - communication is powered by a reader, thereby making it virtually "free". While backscatter communication has largely been used for extremely small amounts of data transfer (e.g. a 12 byte EPC identifier from an RFID tag), sensors need to use backscatter for continuous and high-volume sensor data transfer. To address this need, we describe a novel link layer that exploits unique characteristics of backscatter communication to optimize throughput. Our system offers several optimizations including 1) understanding of multi-path self-interference characteristics and link metrics that capture these characteristics, 2) design of novel mobility-aware probing techniques that use backscatter link signatures to determine when to probe the channel, 3) bitrate selection algorithms that use link metrics to determine the optimal bitrate, and 4) channel selection mechanism that optimize throughput while remaining compliant within FCC regulations. Our results show upto 3x increase in goodput over other mechanisms across a wide range of channel conditions, scales, and mobility scenarios.

References

[1]

A Batteryless Programmable RFID-Scale Sensor Device. http://spqr.cs.umass.edu/moo/.

[2]

How to NFC. http://developer.android.com/videos/index.html#v=49L7z3rxz4Q.

[3]

RFID Basics: Backscatter Radio Links and Link Budgets. http://rfidtribe.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=423&Itemid=102.

[4]

The Impinj UHF Gen 2 Speedway RFID Reader. http://www.impinj.com.

[5]

Ultracapacitor Offers 75-Foot Read Range for Passive Tags. http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/8565.

[6]

WISP: Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform. http://seattle.intel-research.net/wisp/.

[7]

D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, S. Biswas, G. Judd, and R. Morris. Link-level measurements from an 802.11 b mesh network. In ACM SIGCOMM, 2004.

Digital Library

[8]

C. Angerer, R. Langwieser, and M. Rupp. Rfid reader receivers for physical layer collision recovery. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2010.

Digital Library

[9]

J. Bicket. Bit-rate selection in wireless networks. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005.

[10]

M. Buettner, B. Greenstein, and D. Wetherall. Dewdrop: an energy-aware runtime for computational rfid. In USENIX NSDI, 2011.

Digital Library

[11]

M. Buettner and D. Wetherall. An empirical study of uhf rfid performance. In ACM MobiCom, 2008.

Digital Library

[12]

M. Buettner and D. Wetherall. A gen 2 rfid monitor based on the usrp. ACM SIGCOMM CCR, 2010.

Digital Library

[13]

M. Buettner and D. Wetherall. A software radio-based uhf rfid reader for phy/mac experimentation. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on RFID, pages 134--141, 2011.

[14]

J. Griffin and G. Durgin. Complete link budgets for backscatter-radio and rfid systems. Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 51(2):11--25, 2009.

[15]

J. Gummeson, S. Clark, K. Fu, and D. Ganesan. On the limits of effective hybrid micro-energy harvesting on mobile crfid sensors. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, pages 195--208. ACM, 2010.

Digital Library

[16]

J. Gummeson, P. Zhang, and D. Ganesan. Flit: A bulk transmission protocol for rfid-scale sensors. In MobiSys, 2012.

Digital Library

[17]

D. Halperin, W. Hu, A. Sheth, and D. Wetherall. Predictable 802.11 packet delivery from wireless channel measurements. ACM SIGCOMM, 2010.

Digital Library

[18]

N. Jain, S. Das, and A. Nasipuri. A multichannel csma mac protocol with receiver-based channel selection for multihop wireless networks. In IEEE ICCCN, 2001.

[19]

C. Law, K. Lee, and K. Siu. Efficient memoryless protocol for tag identification. In Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications, pages 75--84. ACM, 2000.

Digital Library

[20]

V. Namboodiri and L. Gao. Energy-aware tag anticollision protocols for rfid systems. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 9(1):44--59, 2010.

Digital Library

[21]

H. Rahul, F. Edalat, D. Katabi, and C. Sodini. Frequency-aware rate adaptation and mac protocols. In ACM MobiCom, 2009.

Digital Library

[22]

L. Ravindranath, C. Newport, H. Balakrishnan, and S. Madden. Improving wireless network performance using sensor hints. In USENIX NSDI, 2011.

Digital Library

[23]

S. Sen, N. Santhapuri, R. Choudhury, and S. Nelakuditi. Accurate: Constellation based rate estimation in wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation, pages 12--12. USENIX Association, 2010.

Digital Library

[24]

K. Srinivasan, M. Kazandjieva, S. Agarwal, and P. Levis. The fi-factor: measuring wireless link burstiness. In ACM SenSys, 2008.

Digital Library

[25]

A. Varshavsky, A. LaMarca, J. Hightower, and E. de Lara. The skyloc floor localization system. In Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2007. PerCom'07. Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on, pages 125--134. IEEE, 2007.

Digital Library

[26]

H. Vogt. Efficient object identification with passive rfid tags. Pervasive Computing, pages 98--113, 2002.

Digital Library

[27]

M. Vutukuru, H. Balakrishnan, and K. Jamieson. Cross-layer wireless bit rate adaptation. In ACM SIGCOMM CCR, 2009.

Digital Library

[28]

S. Wong, H. Yang, S. Lu, and V. Bharghavan. Robust rate adaptation for 802.11 wireless networks. In ACM Mobicom, 2006.

Digital Library

[29]

D. Zanetti et al. Physical-layer identification of uhf rfid tags. In ACM MobiCom, 2010.

Digital Library

[30]

J. Zhang, M. Firooz, N. Patwari, and S. Kasera. Advancing wireless link signatures for location distinction. In ACM MobiCom, 2008.

Digital Library

[31]

J. Zhao and R. Govindan. Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks. In ACM SenSys, 2003.

Digital Library

Cited By

Yang HDing HCao KElkashlan MLi HXin K(2024)A RIS-Segmented Symbiotic Ambient Backscatter Communication SystemIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2023.330603773:1(812-825)Online publication date: Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3306037
Gong WWang HLi SChen S(2024)GLAC: High-Precision Tracking of Mobile Objects With COTS RFID SystemsIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.334895032:3(2331-2343)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3348950
Zhao JWang GLi DXu SGuo XLi Y(2024)Optimal 4QAM backscatter modulation for passive UHF CRFID tagsPhysical Communication10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102421(102421)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102421
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

BLINK: a high throughput link layer for backscatter communication
1. Networks
  1. Network types
    1. Mobile networks
    2. Wireless access networks

Recommendations

A Scalable CSMA and Self-Organizing TDMA MAC for IEEE 802.11 p/1609.x in VANETs

vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been a key topic for research community and industry alike. The wireless access in vehicular environment standard employs the IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 for the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer implementation for ...
On the throughput performance of multirate IEEE 802.11 networks with variable-loaded stations: analysis, modeling, and a novel proportional fairness criterion

This paper focuses on multirate IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN employing the mandatory Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) option. Its aim is threefold. Upon starting from the multi-dimensional Markovian state transition model proposed by Malone et.al. ...
A two-level medium access framework for exploiting multi-user diversity in multi-rate IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

Fast rate adaptation has long been recognized as an effective way to improve the PHY-layer data rate of wireless networks. However, in random access wireless networks such as IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, MAC-layer throughput is dominated by stations with ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

MobiSys '12: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services

June 2012

548 pages

ISBN:9781450313018

DOI:10.1145/2307636

General Chair:
Nigel Davies
Lancaster University, UK
,
Program Chairs:
Srinivasan Seshan
Carnegie Mellon University, USA
,
Lin Zhong
Rice University, USA

Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGMOBILE: ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing

In-Cooperation

SIGOPS: ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 25 June 2012

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

MobiSys'12

Sponsor:

SIGMOBILE

MobiSys'12: The 10th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services

June 25 - 29, 2012

Lake District, Low Wood Bay, UK

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 274 of 1,679 submissions, 16%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

114
Total Citations
View Citations
625
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)20
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 21 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Yang HDing HCao KElkashlan MLi HXin K(2024)A RIS-Segmented Symbiotic Ambient Backscatter Communication SystemIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2023.330603773:1(812-825)Online publication date: Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3306037
Gong WWang HLi SChen S(2024)GLAC: High-Precision Tracking of Mobile Objects With COTS RFID SystemsIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.334895032:3(2331-2343)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3348950
Zhao JWang GLi DXu SGuo XLi Y(2024)Optimal 4QAM backscatter modulation for passive UHF CRFID tagsPhysical Communication10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102421(102421)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102421
Li SMeng QBai YZhang CSong YLi SLu LCosta XHassanieh HAsadi ACox LPerino DWidmer JGiustiniano D(2023)Go Beyond RFID: Rethinking the Design of RFID Sensor Tags for Versatile ApplicationsProceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3570361.3613284(1-16)Online publication date: 2-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3570361.3613284
Zhao JLiu QLi DWang QBai R(2022)RAEN: Rate Adaptation for Effective Nodes in Backscatter NetworksSensors10.3390/s2212432222:12(4322)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322
Madavani FSoleimanpour-Moghadam MTalebi SChatzinotas SOttersten B(2022)Joint Resource Allocation for Full-Duplex Ambient Backscatter Communication: A Difference Convex AlgorithmIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2022.316371821:10(8022-8035)Online publication date: Oct-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2022.3163718
Wang PYan ZWang NZeng K(2022)Resource Allocation Optimization for Secure Multidevice Wirelessly Powered Backscatter Communication With Artificial NoiseIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2022.316213721:9(7794-7809)Online publication date: Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2022.3162137
Chen SGong WLiu JWang ZZhao J(2022)Interference-Aware Mobile Backscatter Communication: A PHY-Assisted Rate Adaptive ApproachIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2022.3214533(1-12)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2022.3214533
Song GWang WYang HZhang DGao PJiang T(2022)Exploiting Channel Polarization for Reliable Wide-Area Backscatter NetworksIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2021.307554921:12(4338-4351)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2021.3075549
Su JSheng ZLiu AHan YChen Y(2022)Capture-Aware Identification of Mobile RFID Tags With Unreliable ChannelsIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2020.302407621:4(1182-1195)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2020.3024076
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents