Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2001858.2002020acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesgeccoConference Proceedingsconference-collections
tutorial

PCA for improving the performance of XCSR in classification of high-dimensional problems

Published: 12 July 2011 Publication History

Abstract

XCSR is an accuracy-based learning classifier system (LCS) which can handle classification problems with real-value features. However, as the number of features increases, a high classification accuracy comes at the cost of more resources: larger population sizes and longer computational running times. In this research, we present a PCA-enhanced LCS, which uses principal component analysis (PCA) as a preprocessing step for XCSR, and examine how it performs on complex multi-dimensional real-world data. The experiments show that this technique, in addition to significantly reducing the computational resources and time requirements of XCSR, maintains its high accuracy and even occasionally improves it. In addition to that, it reduces the required population size needed by XCSR.

References

[1]
H. Abdi and L. J. Williams. Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(4):433--459, 2010.
[2]
M. Behdad, L. Barone, T. French, and M. Bennamoun. An investigation of real-valued accuracy-based learning classifier systems for electronic fraud detection. In GECCO (Companion), pages 1893--1900, 2010.
[3]
L. Bull. Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, 2004.
[4]
M. V. Butz and S. W. Wilson. An algorithmic descrtipion of xcs, 2000. Technical report 2000017, Illinois Genetics Algorithms Laboratory.
[5]
F. Ferrandi, P. Lanzi, D. Sciuto, and M. Tanelli. System-level metrics for hardware/software architectural mapping. In Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Design, Test and Applications, DELTA '04, pages 231--236, Washington, DC, USA, 2004. IEEE Computer Society.
[6]
S. Hettich and S. D. Bay. The UCI KDD archive {http://kdd.ics.uci.edu}. Irvine, CA: University of California, Department of Information and Computer Science, 1999.
[7]
J. H. Holland. Adaptation. Progress in Theoretical Biology, 4:263--293, 1976.
[8]
T. Howley, M. G. Madden, M.-L. O'Connell, and A. G. Ryder. The effect of principal component analysis on machine learning accuracy with high-dimensional spectral data. Knowledge-Based Systems, 19(5):363--370, 2006.
[9]
M. Kirley and M.Abedini. CoXCS: a coevolutionary learning classifier based on feature space partitioning. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 5866, pages 360--369, 2009.
[10]
J. Marín-Blázquez and G. Martínez Pérez. Intrusion detection using a linguistic hedged fuzzy-XCS classifier system. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 13:273--290, 2009.
[11]
B. Moore. Principal component analysis in linear systems: Controllability, observability, and model reduction. IEEE transactions on automatic control, 26:17--32, 1981.
[12]
A. J. O'Toole, H. Abdi, K. A. Deffenbacher, and D. Valentin. Low-dimensional representation of faces in higher dimensions of the face space. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 10(3):405--411, Mar 1993.
[13]
B. Ravichandran, A. Gandhe, R. Smith, and R. Mehra. Robust automatic target recognition using learning classifier systems. Information Fusion, 8(3):252--265, 2007.
[14]
K. Shafi, T. Kovacs, H. A. Abbass, and W. Zhu. Intrusion detection with evolutionary learning classifier systems. Natural Computing, 8(1):3--27, 2009.
[15]
O. Sigaud and S. W. Wilson. Learning classifier systems: a survey. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 11(11):1065--1078, 2007.
[16]
P. Stalph, X. Llora, D. Goldberg, and M. V. Butz. Resource management and scalability of the XCSF learning classifier system. Theoretical Computer Science, 2010.
[17]
C. Stone and L. Bull. For real! XCS with continuous-valued inputs. Evolutionary Computation, 11(3):299--336, 2003.
[18]
K. Tamee, P. Rojanavasu, S. Udomthanapong, and O. Pinngern. Using self-organizing maps with learning classifier system for intrusion detection. In PRICAI '08, pages 1071--1076. Springer, 2008.
[19]
A. N. Toosi and M. Kahani. A new approach to intrusion detection based on an evolutionary soft computing model using neuro-fuzzy classifiers. Computer Communications, 30(10):2201--2212, 2007.
[20]
S. Wilson. Function approximation with a classifier system. In Proceedings of GECCO'01, pages 974--981, 2001.
[21]
S. W. Wilson. Classifier fitness based on accuracy. Evolutionary Computation, 3(2):149--175, 1995.
[22]
S. W. Wilson. Get real! XCS with continuous-valued inputs. In Learning Classifier Systems, From Foundations to Applications, pages 209--222. Springer, 2000.
[23]
X. Xu and X. Wang. An adaptive network intrusion detection method based on pca and support vector machines. In X. Li, S. Wang, and Z. Dong, editors, Advanced Data Mining and Applications, volume 3584 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 731--731. Springer, 2005.

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Implications of the curse of dimensionality for supervised learning classifier systemsPattern Analysis & Applications10.1007/s10044-017-0649-022:2(519-536)Online publication date: 1-May-2019
  • (2013)Classification Based on LBP and SVM for Human Embryo Microscope ImagesHuman-Computer Interaction. Towards Intelligent and Implicit Interaction10.1007/978-3-642-39342-6_31(280-288)Online publication date: 2013

Index Terms

  1. PCA for improving the performance of XCSR in classification of high-dimensional problems

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    GECCO '11: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
    July 2011
    1548 pages
    ISBN:9781450306904
    DOI:10.1145/2001858
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 12 July 2011

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. genetics-based machine learning
    2. learning classifier systems
    3. network intrusion detection
    4. principal component analysis
    5. xcsr

    Qualifiers

    • Tutorial

    Conference

    GECCO '11
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,669 of 4,410 submissions, 38%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2019)Implications of the curse of dimensionality for supervised learning classifier systemsPattern Analysis & Applications10.1007/s10044-017-0649-022:2(519-536)Online publication date: 1-May-2019
    • (2013)Classification Based on LBP and SVM for Human Embryo Microscope ImagesHuman-Computer Interaction. Towards Intelligent and Implicit Interaction10.1007/978-3-642-39342-6_31(280-288)Online publication date: 2013

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media