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Semi-Automatic Camera and Switcher Control for Live Broadcast

Published: 17 June 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Live video broadcasting requires a multitude of professional expertise to enable multi-camera productions. Robotic systems allow the automation of common and repeated tracking shots. However, predefined camera shots do not allow quick adjustments when required due to unpredictable events. We introduce a modular automated robotic camera control and video switch system, based on fundamental cinematographic rules. The actors' positions are provided by a markerless tracking system. In addition, sound levels of actors' lavalier microphones are used to analyse the current scene. An expert system determines appropriate camera angles and decides when to switch from one camera to another. A test production was conducted to observe the developed prototype in a live broadcast scenario and served as a video-demonstration for an evaluation.

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suppl.mov (tvxwip0104-file3.mp4)
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References

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Jianhui Chen and Peter Carr. 2014. Autonomous Camera Systems: A Survey. In Workshops at the Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 18--22.
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Vamsidhar Reddy Gaddam, Ragnhild Eg, Ragnar Langseth, Carsten Griwodz, and Pål Halvorsen. 2015. The Cameraman Operating My Virtual Camera is Artificial: Can the Machine Be As Good As a Human? ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. 11, 4 (2015), 1--20.
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Quentin Galvane, Marc Christie, Rémi Ronfard, Chen-Kim Lim, and Marie-Paule Cani. 2013. Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Cameras. In Proceedings of Motion on Games (MIG '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 71, 10 pages.
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Li-wei He, Michael F. Cohen, and David H. Salesin. 1996. The Virtual Cinematographer: A Paradigm for Automatic Real-Time Camera Control and Directing. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference Proceedings, Holly Rushmeier (Ed.). ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison-Wesley, 217--224. New Orleans, Louisiana, 4-9 August 1996.
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Tsai-Yen Li and Xiang-Yan Xiao. 2005. An Interactive Camera Planning System for Automatic Cinematographer. In Multimedia Modelling Conference, 2005. MMM 2005. Proceedings of the 11th International. 310--315.
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Qiong Liu, Yong Rui, Anoop Gupta, and J. J. Cadiz. 2001. Automating Camera Management for Lecture Room Environments. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '01). ACM, 442--449.
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Makoto Okuda, Takao, Kazutoshi Mutou, Hitoshi Yanagisawa, and Seiki Inoue. 2008. Method of shot determination in a robot camera cooperative shooting system. Proc. SPIE 6820 (2008).
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Cited By

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  • (2018)Camera Selection for Broadcasting Soccer Games2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)10.1109/WACV.2018.00053(427-435)Online publication date: Mar-2018

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  1. Semi-Automatic Camera and Switcher Control for Live Broadcast

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    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    TVX '16: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video
    June 2016
    202 pages
    ISBN:9781450340670
    DOI:10.1145/2932206
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 17 June 2016

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    Author Tags

    1. actor tracking
    2. automated robotic camera system
    3. automated shot control
    4. film rules
    5. scene analysis
    6. switcher control

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    TVX '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 12 of 38 submissions, 32%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 245 submissions, 28%

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    • (2018)Camera Selection for Broadcasting Soccer Games2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)10.1109/WACV.2018.00053(427-435)Online publication date: Mar-2018

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