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GazeTouchPass: Multimodal Authentication Using Gaze and Touch on Mobile Devices

Published: 07 May 2016 Publication History

Abstract

We propose a multimodal scheme, GazeTouchPass, that combines gaze and touch for shoulder-surfing resistant user authentication on mobile devices. GazeTouchPass allows passwords with multiple switches between input modalities during authentication. This requires attackers to simultaneously observe the device screen and the user's eyes to find the password. We evaluate the security and usability of GazeTouchPass in two user studies. Our findings show that GazeTouchPass is usable and significantly more secure than single-modal authentication against basic and even advanced shoulder-surfing attacks.

References

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Augusto Esteves, Eduardo Velloso, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2015. Orbits: Gaze Interaction for Smart Watches Using Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (UIST '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 457-466.
[10]
Alain Forget, Sonia Chiasson, and Robert Biddle. 2010. Shoulder-surfing Resistance with Eye-gaze Entry in Cued-recall Graphical Passwords. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1107-1110. 1753326.1753491
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Jan Gugenheimer, Alexander De Luca, Hayato Hess, Stefan Karg, Dennis Wolf, and Enrico Rukzio. 2015. ColorSnakes: Using Colored Decoys to Secure Authentication in Sensitive Contexts. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on HumanComputer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 274--283.
[12]
Oliver Hohlfeld, André Pomp, Jó Ágila Bitsch Link, and Dennis Guse. 2015. On the Applicability of Computer Vision Based Gaze Tracking in Mobile Scenarios. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 427-434.
[13]
Corey Holland, Atenas Garza, Elena Kurtova, Jose Cruz, and Oleg Komogortsev. 2013. Usability Evaluation of Eye Tracking on an Unmodified Common Tablet. In CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 295-300. 2468356.2468409
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Corey Holland and Oleg Komogortsev. 2012. Eye Tracking on Unmodified Common Tablets: Challenges and Solutions. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 277-280.
[15]
Mohamed Khamis, Florian Alt, and Andreas Bulling. 2015. A Field Study on Spontaneous Gaze-based Interaction with a Public Display Using Pursuits. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp/ISWC'15 Adjunct). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 863-872.
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Päivi Majaranta and Andreas Bulling. 2014. Eye Tracking and Eye-Based Human-Computer Interaction. Springer London, 39-65. 978--1--4471--6392--3_3
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Stefan Schneegass, Frank Steimle, Andreas Bulling, Florian Alt, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2014. SmudgeSafe: Geometric Image Transformations for Smudgeresistant User Authentication. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 775-786.
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Furkan Tari, A. Ant Ozok, and Stephen H. Holden. 2006. A Comparison of Perceived and Real Shouldersurfing Risks Between Alphanumeric and Graphical Passwords. In Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '06). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 56-66.
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[22]
Mélodie Vidal, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2013. Pursuits: Spontaneous Interaction with Displays Based on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement and Moving Targets. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 439--448.
[23]
Mélodie Vidal, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2015. Pursuits: Spontaneous Eye-Based Interaction for Dynamic Interfaces. GetMobile: Mobile Comp. and Comm. 18, 4 (Jan. 2015), 8-10. 10.1145/2721914.2721917
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[25]
Emanuel von Zezschwitz, Alexander De Luca, Bruno Brunkow, and Heinrich Hussmann. 2015. SwiPIN: Fast and Secure PIN-Entry on Smartphones. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1403-1406.
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[27]
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[28]
Yanxia Zhang, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2014. Pupil-canthi-ratio: a calibration-free method for tracking horizontal gaze direction. In Proc. of the 2014 International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI 14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 129- 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2598153.2598186

Cited By

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  • (2024)Implementation of Voice Biometric System in the Banking SectorInternational Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters10.47992/IJAEML.2581.7000.0217(120-127)Online publication date: 14-Mar-2024
  • (2024)ShouldAR: Detecting Shoulder Surfing Attacks Using Multimodal Eye Tracking and Augmented RealityProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785738:3(1-23)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)Medusa3D: The Watchful Eye Freezing Illegitimate Users in Virtual Reality InteractionsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36765158:MHCI(1-21)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CHI EA '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
May 2016
3954 pages
ISBN:9781450340823
DOI:10.1145/2851581
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 May 2016

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Author Tags

  1. gaze gestures
  2. mobile devices
  3. multimodal authentication

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CHI'16
Sponsor:
CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
May 7 - 12, 2016
California, San Jose, USA

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CHI EA '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 1,000 of 5,000 submissions, 20%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 6,164 of 23,696 submissions, 26%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Implementation of Voice Biometric System in the Banking SectorInternational Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters10.47992/IJAEML.2581.7000.0217(120-127)Online publication date: 14-Mar-2024
  • (2024)ShouldAR: Detecting Shoulder Surfing Attacks Using Multimodal Eye Tracking and Augmented RealityProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785738:3(1-23)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)Medusa3D: The Watchful Eye Freezing Illegitimate Users in Virtual Reality InteractionsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36765158:MHCI(1-21)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
  • (2024)GazePair: Efficient Pairing of Augmented Reality Devices Using Gaze TrackingIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2023.325584123:3(2407-2421)Online publication date: Mar-2024
  • (2024)Communications Security in Industry X: A SurveyIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.33560765(982-1025)Online publication date: 2024
  • (2024)DEyeAuth: A Secure Smartphone User Authentication System Integrating Eyelid Patterns With Eye GesturesIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2024.340778011:18(30069-30083)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2024
  • (2024)A Systematic Deconstruction of Human-Centric Privacy & Security Threats on Mobile PhonesInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2024.2361519(1-24)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Usable Authentication in Virtual Reality: Exploring the Usability of PINs and GesturesApplied Cryptography and Network Security10.1007/978-3-031-54776-8_16(412-431)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2024
  • (2023)Comparing Dwell time, Pursuits and Gaze Gestures for Gaze Interaction on Handheld Mobile DevicesProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580871(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
  • (2023)NELI-AUTH: Authentication System Based on Non-equal-length Input for Virtual Environment2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00321(957-958)Online publication date: Mar-2023
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