research-article

Hierarchical caustic maps

Author:

Chris WymanAuthors Info & Claims

I3D '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games

Pages 163 - 171

https://doi.org/10.1145/1342250.1342276

Published: 15 February 2008 Publication History

Abstract

Interactive applications typically rely on local models for lighting, occasionally augmented by GPU-friendly methods for approximating global illumination. Caustic mapping approximates the specular focusing of light using a light-space image, akin to a shadow map, which is projected onto the scene during final rendering. Unfortunately, existing caustic map implementations must choose between quality and speed. Quickly generated maps use few photons and look extremely blurry, while sharper maps created from millions of photons only render at a few frames per second. This paper introduces a number of hierarchical enhancements to caustic mapping that allow real-time rendering with high quality caustic maps, even when using maps from multiple light sources. These techniques utilize the geometry processing stage of recent GPUs to avoid processing every photon and to render a pyramidal caustic map that allows photon splats of varying diameters without the increased costs inherent in rasterizing large splats.

References

[1]

Arvo, J. 1986. Backward ray tracing. Developments in Ray Tracing, 259--263. ACM Siggraph '86 Course Notes.

[2]

Blythe, D. 2006. The direct3d 10 system. ACM Transactions on Graphics 25, 3, 724--734.

Digital Library

[3]

Bunnel, M. 2005. GPU Gems 2. Addison-Wesley, ch. Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Indirect Lighting, 223--233.

[4]

Collins, S. 1995. Photorealistic Rendering Techniques. Springer, ch. Adaptive Splatting for Specular to Diffuse Light Transport, 121--135.

[5]

Crow, F. 1977. Shadow algorithms for computer graphics. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 242--248.

Digital Library

[6]

Dachsbacher, C., and Stamminger, M. 2006. Splatting indirect illumination. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 93--100.

Digital Library

[7]

Davis, S., and Wyman, C. 2007. Interactive refractions with total internal reflections. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 185--190.

Digital Library

[8]

Diefenbach, P., and Badler, N. 1997. Multi-pass pipeline rendering: Realism for dynamic environments. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 59--70.

Digital Library

[9]

Ernst, M., Akenine-Möller, T., and Jensen, H. W. 2005. Interactive rendering of caustics using interpolated warped volumes. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 87--96.

Digital Library

[10]

Estalella, P., Martin, I., Drettakis, G., and Tost, D. 2006. A gpu-driven algorithm for accurate interactive reflections on curved objects. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 313--318.

Digital Library

[11]

Fernando, R., Fernandez, S., Bala, K., and Green-berg, D. 2001. Adaptive shadow maps. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 387--390.

Digital Library

[12]

Foley, T., and Sugerman, J. 2005. Kd-tree acceleration structures for a GPU raytracer. In Proceedings of Graphics Hardware.

Digital Library

[13]

Greene, N. 1986. Environment mapping and other applications of world projections. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 6, 11, 21--29.

Digital Library

[14]

HasenFratz, J.-M., Lapierre, M., Holzschuch, N., and Sillion, F. 2003. A survey of real-time soft shadow algorithms. Computer Graphics Forum 22, 4, 753--774.

[15]

Heckbert, P. S., and Hanrahan, P. 1984. Beam tracing polygonal objects. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 119--127.

Digital Library

[16]

Ihrke, I., Ziegler, G., Tevs, A., Theobalt, C., Magnor, M., and Seidel, H.-P. 2007. Eikonal rendering: efficient light transport in refractive objects. ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, 3 (July).

Digital Library

[17]

Iwasaki, K., Dobashi, Y., and Nishita, T. 2002. An efficient method for rendering underwater optical effects using graphics hardware. Computer Graphics Forum 21, 4 (November), 701--711.

[18]

Jensen, H. W. 2001. Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping. AK Peters.

Digital Library

[19]

Kajiya, J. 1986. The rendering equation. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 143--150.

Digital Library

[20]

Kruger, J., Burger, K., and Westermann, R. 2006. Interactive screen-space accurate photon tracing. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 319--329.

Digital Library

[21]

Mitchell, D., and Hanrahan, P. 1992. Illumination from curved reflectors. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 283--291.

Digital Library

[22]

Ng, R., Ramamoorthi, R., and Hanrahan, P. 2004. Triplet product wavelet integrals for all-frequency relighting. ACM Transactions on Graphics 23, 3, 477--487.

Digital Library

[23]

Nishita, T., and Nakamae, E. 1994. Method of displaying optical effects within water using accumulation buffer. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 373--381.

Digital Library

[24]

Oliveira, M. M., and Brauwers, M. 2007. Real-time refraction through deformable objects. In Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, 89--96.

Digital Library

[25]

Purcell, T., Donner, C., Cammarano, M., Jensen, H. W., and Hanrahan, P. 2003. Photon mapping on programmable graphics hardware. In Proceedings of Graphics Hardware, 41--50.

Digital Library

[26]

Shah, M., Konttinen, J., and Pattanaik, S. 2007. Caustics mapping: An image-space technique for realtime caustics. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 2 (March/April), 272--280.

Digital Library

[27]

Sloan, P.-P., Kautz, J., and Snyder, J. 2002. Precomputed radiance transfer for real-time rendering in dynamic, low-frequency lighting environments. ACM Transactions on Graphics 21, 3, 527--536.

Digital Library

[28]

Stamminger, M., and Drettakis, G. 2002. Perspective shadow maps. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 557--562.

Digital Library

[29]

Szirmay-Kalos, L., Aszodi, B., Lazanyi, I., and Premecz, M. 2005. Approximate ray-tracing on the gpu with distance impostors. Computer Graphics Forum 24, 3, 685--704.

[30]

Umenhoffer, T., Patow, G., and Szirmay-Kalos, L. 2007. GPU Gems 3. Addison-Wesley, ch. Robust Multiple Specular Reflections and Refractions, 387--407.

[31]

Wand, M., and Strasser, W. 2003. Real-time caustics. Computer Graphics Forum 22, 3, 611--620.

[32]

Watt, M. 1990. Light-water interaction using backward beam tracing. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 377--385.

Digital Library

[33]

Wei, H., and Kaihuai, Q. 2007. Interactive approximate rendering of reflections, refractions, and caustics. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 1 (January/February), 46--57.

Digital Library

[34]

Williams, L. 1978. Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 270--274.

Digital Library

[35]

Wyman, C., and Dachsbacher, C. 2007. Improving image-space caustics via variable-sized splatting. Journal of Graphics Tools (to appear).

[36]

Wyman, C., and Davis, S. 2006. Interactive image-space techniques for approximating caustics. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 153--160.

Digital Library

[37]

Wyman, C. 2005. An approximate image-space approach for interactive refraction. ACM Transactions on Graphics 24, 3 (July), 1050--1053.

Digital Library

[38]

Yu, J., Yang, J., and McMillan, L. 2005. Real-time reflection mapping with parallax. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 133--138.

Digital Library

Cited By

Luo Y(2023)Real-time Dispersion Rendering Algorithm based on Caustics Map and Single Charge Coupled Device Image Sensor2023 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (ICSP)10.1109/ICSP58490.2023.10248466(728-732)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP58490.2023.10248466
Frisvad JSchjøth LErleben KSporring J(2014)Photon Differential Splatting for Rendering CausticsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1234733:6(252-263)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1111/cgf.12347
Schreiber MAtanasov ANeumann PBungartz H(2014)Rendering of Feature-rich Dynamically Changing Volumetric Datasets on GPUProcedia Computer Science10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.05829(648-658)Online publication date: 2014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.058
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Hierarchical caustic maps
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Computer vision
      1. Image and video acquisition
        3D imaging
  2. Computer graphics
    1. Animation

Recommendations

Large-scale ray traced water caustics in real-time using cascaded caustic maps
Highlights
- We introduce cascaded caustics maps to enable interactive accurate caustics rendering of vast scene regions with minimum performance drop.
Graphical abstract

Display Omitted

Abstract
Achieving interactivity for applications with physically-accurate caustics is proven to be a challenging task. We present a hybrid method utilizing ray tracing and rasterization which enables water caustic coverage to vast view ...
Interactive image-space techniques for approximating caustics
I3D '06: Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games

Interactive applications require simplifications to lighting, geometry, and material properties that preclude many effects encountered in the physical world. Until recently only the most simplistic reflections and refractions could be performed ...
Spectral caustic rendering of a homogeneous caustic object based on wavelength clustering and eye sensitivity

In the real world, the index of refraction of a refractive object (caustic object) varies across the wavelengths. Therefore, in physically based caustic rendering, we need to take into account spectral information. However, this may lead to prohibitive ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

I3D '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games

February 2008

219 pages

ISBN:9781595939838

DOI:10.1145/1342250

Conference Chairs:
Eric Haines
Autodesk
,
Morgan McGuire
Williams College

Copyright © 2008 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 15 February 2008

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

I3D08

Sponsor:

SIGGRAPH

I3D08: Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games

February 15 - 17, 2008

California, Redwood City

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 148 of 485 submissions, 31%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

22
Total Citations
View Citations
601
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)6
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Luo Y(2023)Real-time Dispersion Rendering Algorithm based on Caustics Map and Single Charge Coupled Device Image Sensor2023 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (ICSP)10.1109/ICSP58490.2023.10248466(728-732)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP58490.2023.10248466
Frisvad JSchjøth LErleben KSporring J(2014)Photon Differential Splatting for Rendering CausticsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1234733:6(252-263)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1111/cgf.12347
Schreiber MAtanasov ANeumann PBungartz H(2014)Rendering of Feature-rich Dynamically Changing Volumetric Datasets on GPUProcedia Computer Science10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.05829(648-658)Online publication date: 2014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.058
Knecht MTraxler CWinklhofer CWimmer M(2013)Reflective and Refractive Objects for Mixed RealityIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2013.3919:4(576-582)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2013.39
Ritschel TDachsbacher CGrosch TKautz J(2012)The State of the Art in Interactive Global IlluminationComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.02093.x31:1(160-188)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.02093.x
Blanchette DAgu E(2012)Adaptive Spectral Mapping for Real-Time Dispersive RefractionAdvances in Visual Computing10.1007/978-3-642-33179-4_9(81-91)Online publication date: 2012
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33179-4_9
Akenine-Möller THaines EHoffman N(2011)BibliographyReal-Time Rendering, Third Edition10.1201/b10644-23(921-1002)Online publication date: Mar-2011
https://doi.org/10.1201/b10644-23
Liktor GDachsbacher CGarland MWang R(2011)Real-time volume caustics with adaptive beam tracingSymposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games10.1145/1944745.1944753(47-54)Online publication date: 18-Feb-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1944745.1944753
Duvenhage BBouatouch KKourie D(2011)Extending Backward Polygon Beam Tracing to Glossy Scattering SurfacesComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.01903.x30:6(1825-1836)Online publication date: 3-May-2011
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.01903.x
Duvenhage BBouatouch KKourie DGain JMarais PScopigno R(2010)Exploring the use of glossy light volumes for interactive global illuminationProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, Visualisation and Interaction in Africa10.1145/1811158.1811181(139-148)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1811158.1811181
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents