research-article

A Reversible Watermarking for 2D Engineering Graphics Based on Difference Expansion With Adaptive Interval Partitioning

Authors:

Keqin LiAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Volume 20, Issue 3

Pages 1867 - 1881

https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2022.3166134

Published: 01 May 2023 Publication History

Abstract

To resolve the distortion resulting from the mismatch between the interval partition and the watermark distribution in the reversible watermarking based on difference expansion, an investigation is made to difference expansion with adaptive interval partitioning. It is found that the conventional floating number-based methods with uniform interval partitioning are not fully considering different watermark distributions, and the embedding distortion can be optimized. Thus, a reversible watermarking based on difference expansion with adaptive interval partitioning is put forward for 2D engineering graphics. Each interval is adaptively partitioned into <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{s}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="long-ieq1-3166134.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> sub-intervals, and the watermark is embedded via transforming the positions of the vertices to its corresponding sub-intervals. The watermark extraction is accomplished by acquiring the indices of the sub-intervals of the watermarked vertices, and the graphics recovery is achieved by moving the watermarked vertices to the reverse direction. Moreover, a new polar coordinate system is built to be invariant to overall geometric transformation and vertices rearrangement. Experimental results and analysis indicate that it maintains good authentication ability and semi-fragility. Furthermore, its imperceptibility is significantly improved compared with the existing watermarking schemes under the same experimental conditions.

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Cited By

Weng CWeng HHuang C(2024)Expansion high payload imperceptible steganography using parameterized multilayer EMD with clock-adjustment modelJournal on Image and Video Processing10.1186/s13640-024-00653-02024:1Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1186/s13640-024-00653-0
Weng HHuang CWang SYang CChiang C(2024)A Scheme of PVO with Median Preserving upon Reversible Data Hiding Using Adaptive Embedding MechanismsProceedings of the 2024 5th International Conference on Computing, Networks and Internet of Things10.1145/3670105.3670191(490-495)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670105.3670191
Xiao XZhang YHua ZXia ZWeng J(2024)Client-Side Embedding of Screen-Shooting Resilient Image WatermarkingIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/TIFS.2024.339704319(5357-5372)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3397043

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cover image IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing Volume 20, Issue 3

May-June 2023

903 pages

ISSN:1545-5971

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1545-5971 © 2022 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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IEEE Computer Society Press

Washington, DC, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 May 2023

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Cited By

Weng CWeng HHuang C(2024)Expansion high payload imperceptible steganography using parameterized multilayer EMD with clock-adjustment modelJournal on Image and Video Processing10.1186/s13640-024-00653-02024:1Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1186/s13640-024-00653-0
Weng HHuang CWang SYang CChiang C(2024)A Scheme of PVO with Median Preserving upon Reversible Data Hiding Using Adaptive Embedding MechanismsProceedings of the 2024 5th International Conference on Computing, Networks and Internet of Things10.1145/3670105.3670191(490-495)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670105.3670191
Xiao XZhang YHua ZXia ZWeng J(2024)Client-Side Embedding of Screen-Shooting Resilient Image WatermarkingIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/TIFS.2024.339704319(5357-5372)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3397043

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