research-article

Are architectural smells independent from code smells? An empirical study

Authors:

Francesca Arcelli Fontana,

Valentina Lenarduzzi,

Riccardo Roveda,

Davide TaibiAuthors Info & Claims

Volume 154, Issue C

Pages 139 - 156

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.066

Published: 01 August 2019 Publication History

Highlights

•

Case study analyzing the correlations among code smells, groups of code smells and architectural smells.

•

Architectural smells are not correlated with code smells.

•

Architectural smells cannot be derived from code smells.

•

Architectural smells deserve special attention by researchers, who should investigate their actual harmfulness.

Abstract

Background. Architectural smells and code smells are symptoms of bad code or design that can cause different quality problems, such as faults, technical debt, or difficulties with maintenance and evolution. Some studies show that code smells and architectural smells often appear together in the same file. The correlation between code smells and architectural smells, however, is not clear yet; some studies on a limited set of projects have claimed that architectural smells can be derived from code smells, while other studies claim the opposite.

Objective. The goal of this work is to understand whether architectural smells are independent from code smells or can be derived from a code smell or from one category of them.

Method. We conducted a case study analyzing the correlations among 19 code smells, six categories of code smells, and four architectural smells.

Results. The results show that architectural smells are correlated with code smells only in a very low number of occurrences and therefore cannot be derived from code smells.

Conclusion. Architectural smells are independent from code smells, and therefore deserve special attention by researchers, who should investigate their actual harmfulness, and practitioners, who should consider whether and when to remove them.

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Are architectural smells independent from code smells? An empirical study
1. Social and professional topics
  1. Professional topics
    1. Management of computing and information systems
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Software development techniques
  2. Software notations and tools

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

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cover image Journal of Systems and Software

Journal of Systems and Software Volume 154, Issue C

Aug 2019

255 pages

ISSN:0164-1212

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Elsevier Science Inc.

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Published: 01 August 2019

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687251.3687254
Caglayan DÖzcan-Top ÖHong JPark J(2024)Revisiting Technical Debt Types and Indicators for Software SystemsProceedings of the 39th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/3605098.3636043(834-841)Online publication date: 8-Apr-2024
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