Key challenges in security of IoT devices and securing them with the blockchain technology
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) data processing enables rapid access to large volumes of data with the possibility of improving service‐oriented business models. As such, the rapid adoption of IoT devices has resulted in a large number of low‐powered devices integrating into traditional communication networks and influencing practically all assets of everyday life. However, the integration of IoT devices into traditional networks comes at a price, often in the form of added security challenges or administrative complexity. Some of these challenges may be addressed by leveraging technology developed from an unlikely source, crypto currencies. Crypto currencies introduced the notion of a blockchain, which is comprised of several underlying technologies that may be combined with IoT protocols to enable secure mechanisms for reaping the benefits of IoT devices. This paper introduces key challenges in securing IoT devices as well as important components of blockchain technology that may contain the keys to addressing these challenges. Emerging IoT security solutions are identified and evaluated based on their assessed effectiveness.
References
[1]
Russell B, Van Duren D. The IoT in the enterprise. Practical Internet of Things Security. Brimingham: Packt Publishing Ltd; 2016:21‐29.
[2]
Kolias C, Kambourakis G, Stavrou A, Voas J. DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and other botnets. Computer. 2017;50(7):80‐84.
[3]
Krebs B. Krebs on Security ‐ Krebs on security hit with record DDoS, 2016a. https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/09/krebsonsecurity‐hit‐with‐record‐ddos Accessed December 2, 2018
[4]
Gartner . Gartner says 8.4 billion connected “things” will be in use in 2017, up 31 percent from 2016, 2017. https://gtnr.it/3998YFC. Accessed December 2, 2018.
[5]
Panarello A, Tapas N, Merlino G, Longo F, Puliafito A. Blockchain and IoT integration: a systematic survey. Sensors. 2018;18(8):2575.
[6]
Ranasinghe D, Mcfarlane D, Harrison M. Adding sense to the internet of things ‐ an architecture framework for smart object systems. Pers Ubiquitous Comput. 2012;16:29‐308.
[7]
Mainetti L, Patrono L, Vilei A. Evolution of wireless sensor networks towards the internet of things: a survey. SoftCOM 2011, 19th international conference on software, telecommunications and computer networks, Split, Croatia, 2011;1‐6.
[8]
Oorschot P, Smith S. The internet of things: security challenges. IEEE Secur Priv. 2019;17(5):7‐9.
[9]
Tschofenig H, Baccelli E. Cyberphysical security for the masses: a survey of the internet protocol suite for internet of things security. IEEE Secur Priv. 2019;17(5):47‐57.
[10]
Lockl J, Schlatt V, Schweizer A, Urbach N, Harth N. Toward trust in internet of things ecosystems: design principles for blockchain‐based IoT applications. IEEE Trans Eng Manage. 2020;67(4):1256‐1270.
[11]
Liu H, Han D, Li D. Fabric‐IoT: a blockchain based access control system in IoT. IEEE Access. 2020;8:18207‐18218.
[12]
Fawaz K, Shin K. Security and privacy in the internet of things. IEEE Comput. 2019;52(4):40‐49.
[13]
Zhang L, Li F, Wang P. A Blockchain‐assisted massive IoT data collection intelligent framework. IEEE Internet Things. Accepted for Publication. 2021;15.
[14]
Bhattarai S, Wang Y. End‐to‐end trust and security for internet of things applications. IEEE Comput. 2018;51(4):20‐27.
[15]
Perrig A, Szewczyk R, Wen V, Culler D, Tygar JD. SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks. Wireless Netw. 2002;8(5):521‐534.
[16]
Ren K, Lou W, Yu S, Zhang Y. Multi‐user broadcast authentication in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2009;58(8):4554‐4564.
[17]
Fouladi B, Ghanoun S. Honey, I'm Home!!: Hacking ZWave Home Automation Systems. Las Vegas, NV: Black Hat USA; 2013a.
[18]
Fouladi B, Ghanoun S. Security evaluation of the Z‐wave wireless protocol. Blackhat USA 2013. Las Vegas, 2013b
[19]
Krebs B. Krebs on Security‐ Source code for IoT botnet ‘Mirai’ released, 2016b. https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/source‐code‐for‐iot‐botnet‐mirai‐released Accessed December 2, 2018
[20]
Gomez C, Paradells J. Wireless home automation networks: a survey of architectures and technologies. IEEE Commun. 2010;48(6):92‐101.
[21]
Ayoade G, Karande V, Khan L, Hamlen K. Decentralized IoT data management using blockchain and trusted execution environment. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration for Data Science, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 2018;15‐22.
[22]
Dolev D, Yao AC. On the security of public key protocols. IEEE Trans Inform Theory. 1983;29(2):198‐208.
[23]
Novo O. Blockchain meets IoT: an architecture for scalable access management in IoT. IEEE Internet of Things. 2018;5(2):1184‐1195.
[24]
Zhang R, Zue R, Liu L. Security and privacy on Blockchain. ACM Comput Surv. 2019;52(3):34.
[25]
Kolb J, AbdelBaky M, Katz R. Core concepts, challenges, and future directions in blockchain: a centralized tutorial. ACM Comput Surv. 2020;53(1):39.
[26]
Laphou L, Zecheng L, Hou S, Ziao B, Guo S, Yang Y. A survey of IoT applications in blockchain systems: architecture, consensus, and traffic modeling. ACM Comput Surv. 2020;53(1):39.
[27]
Butjin B, Tamburri D, Heuvel W. Blockchains: a systematic multivocal literature review. ACM Comput Surv. 2020;53(3):32‐37.
[28]
Merkle RC. A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function. CRYPTO ‘87 A Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques on Advances in Cryptology, London, UK. 1987;369‐378.
[29]
Dwork C, Goldberg A, Naor M. On Memory‐Bound Functions for Fighting Spam, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Cryptology Conference, LNCS volume 2729, pp. 426–444, Santa Barbara, California, USA, August 2003.
[30]
Chen L, Xu L, Shah N, Gao Z, Lu Y, Shi W. On Security Analysis of Proof‐of‐Elapsed‐Time (Poet). 19th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, Boston, MA, USA, 2017;282‐297.
[31]
Bamakan S, Motavali A, Bondarti A. A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria. Expert Syst Appl. 2020;154:113385.
[32]
Christidis K, Devetsikiotis M. Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE Access. 2016;4:2292‐2303.
[33]
Dorri A, Kanhere S, Jurdak R. Towards an optimized blockchain for IoT. Second international conference on internet‐of‐things design and implementation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2017;173‐178.
[34]
Sompolinsky Y, Zohar A. Secure High‐Rate Transaction Processing in Bitcoin. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Berlin, Springer, 2015;507‐527.
[35]
Popov S. The tangle, 2016. https://iotatoken.com/IOTA_Whitepaper.pdf.
[36]
Masood F, Faridi AR. Consensus algorithms in distributed ledger technology for open environment. 2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communications and Automation (ICCCA), 2018;1‐6.
Recommendations
A review of IoT security and privacy using decentralized blockchain techniques
AbstractIoT security is one of the prominent issues that has gained significant attention among the researchers in recent times. The recent advancements in IoT introduces various critical security issues and increases the risk of privacy leakage of IoT ...
Exploring Blockchain-driven security in SDN-based IoT networks
AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging field of technology with a huge scope of its applicability in various industries and a wide range of societal needs, including medical sciences. However, IoT suffers from many limitations like energy, ...
Highlights- Comprehensive discussions of Internet of Things (IoT), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Blockchain.
- Analysing the existing frameworks and architectures proposed by various researchers.
- Highlight the key security issues that ...
Blockchain and Internet of Things Opportunities and Challenges
SoICT '18: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Information and Communication TechnologyWe are now living in the significant era where technologies are advancing very quickly. Among the leading technologies, Internet of Things or IoT in short is standing at the peak of inflated expectation in the Gartner Hype Cycle [1]. The application of ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
United States
Publication History
Published: 24 July 2022
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025