article

Impact of the energy-based and location-based LEACH secondary cluster aggregation on WSN lifetime

Authors:

Oluwatosin Ahmed Amodu,

Raja Azlina Raja MahmoodAuthors Info & Claims

Wireless Networks, Volume 24, Issue 5

Pages 1379 - 1402

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1414-9

Published: 01 July 2018 Publication History

Abstract

The improvement of sensor networks' lifetime has been a major research challenge in recent years. This is because sensor nodes are battery powered and may be difficult to replace when deployed. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchical (LEACH) routing protocol was proposed to prolong sensor nodes lifetime by dividing the network into clusters. In each cluster, a cluster head (CH) node receives and aggregates data from other nodes. However, CH nodes in LEACH are randomly elected which leads to a rapid loss of network energy. This energy loss occurs when the CH has a low energy level or when it is far from the BS. LEACH with two level cluster head (LEACH-TLCH) protocol deploys a secondary cluster head (2CH) to relieve the cluster head burden in these circumstances. However, in LEACH-TLCH the optimal distance of CH to base station (BS), and the choicest CH energy level for the 2CH to be deployed for achieving an optimal network lifetime was not considered. After a survey of related literature, we improved on LEACH-TLCH by investigating the conditions set to deploy the 2CH for an optimal network lifetime. Experiments were conducted to indicate how the 2CH impacts on the network at different CH energy levels and (or) CH distance to BS. This, is referred to as factor-based LEACH (FLEACH). Investigations in FLEACH show that as CHs gets farther from the BS, the use of a 2CH extends the network lifetime. Similarly, an increased lifetime also results as the CH energy decreases when the 2CH is deployed. We further propose FLEACH-E which uses a deterministic CH selection with the deployment of 2CH from the outset of network operation. Results show an improved performance over existing state-of-the-art homogeneous routing protocols.

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Cited By

Li WMao JChen Q(2021)Data Association Coverage Algorithm Based on Energy Balance and Controlled Parameters in Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-021-08386-3119:4(3053-3062)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-021-08386-3
Maivizhi RYogesh P(2021)Q-learning based routing for in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networksWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-021-02564-827:3(2231-2250)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11276-021-02564-8
Wang JDu ZHe ZWang X(2020)A Cluster-Head Rotating Election Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization in Wireless Sensor NetworksComplexity10.1155/2020/66601172020Online publication date: 21-Dec-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1155/2020/6660117
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Impact of the energy-based and location-based LEACH secondary cluster aggregation on WSN lifetime
1. General and reference
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cover image Wireless Networks

Wireless Networks Volume 24, Issue 5

July 2018

481 pages

ISSN:1022-0038

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Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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Berlin, Heidelberg

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Published: 01 July 2018

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Cited By

Li WMao JChen Q(2021)Data Association Coverage Algorithm Based on Energy Balance and Controlled Parameters in Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-021-08386-3119:4(3053-3062)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-021-08386-3
Maivizhi RYogesh P(2021)Q-learning based routing for in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networksWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-021-02564-827:3(2231-2250)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11276-021-02564-8
Wang JDu ZHe ZWang X(2020)A Cluster-Head Rotating Election Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization in Wireless Sensor NetworksComplexity10.1155/2020/66601172020Online publication date: 21-Dec-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1155/2020/6660117
Zhang DWu HZhao PLiu XCui YChen LZhang T(2019)New approach of multi-path reliable transmission for marginal wireless sensor networkWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-019-02216-y26:2(1503-1517)Online publication date: 16-Dec-2019
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Zhang JXu LTsai PLin Z(2019)Minimization of delay and collision with cross cube spanning tree in wireless sensor networksWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-017-1653-425:4(1875-1893)Online publication date: 1-May-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11276-017-1653-4

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