Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
article

Artificial intelligence for automatic prediction of required surface roughness by monitoring wear on face mill teeth

Published: 01 June 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Nowadays, face milling is one of the most widely used machining processes for the generation of flat surfaces. Following international standards, the quality of a machined surface is measured in terms of surface roughness, Ra, a parameter that will decrease with increased tool wear. So, cutting inserts of the milling tool have to be changed before a given surface quality threshold is exceeded. The use of artificial intelligence methods is suggested in this paper for real-time prediction of surface roughness deviations, depending on the main drive power, and taking tool wear, $$V_{B}$$VB into account. This method ensures comprehensive use of the potential of modern CNC machines that are able to monitor the main drive power, N, in real-time. It can likewise estimate the three parameters -maximum tool wear, machining time, and cutting power- that are required to generate a given surface roughness, thereby making the most efficient use of the cutting tool. A series of artificial intelligence methods are tested: random forest (RF), standard Multilayer perceptrons (MLP), Regression Trees, and radial-based functions. Random forest was shown to have the highest model accuracy, followed by regression trees, displaying higher accuracy than the standard MLP and the radial-basis function. Moreover, RF techniques are easily tuned and generate visual information for direct use by the process engineer, such as the linear relationships between process parameters and roughness, and thresholds for avoiding rapid tool wear. All of this information can be directly extracted from the tree structure or by drawing 3D charts plotting two process inputs and the predicted roughness depending on workshop requirements.

References

[1]
Adamczak, S., Miko, E., & ¿u¿, F. (2009). A model of surface roughness constitution in the metal cutting process applying tools with defined stereometry. Strojniski Vestnik/Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 55(1), 45-54.
[2]
Arizmendi, M., Campa, F. J., Fernández, J., López de Lacalle, L. N., Gil, A., Bilbao, E., et al. (2009). Model for surface topography prediction in peripheral milling considering tool vibration. CIRP Annals--Manufacturing Technology, 58(1), 93-96.
[3]
Artetxe, E., Olvera, D., López de Lacalle, L. N., Campa, F. J., Olvera, Dn, & Lamikiz, A. (2017). Solid subtraction model for the surface topography prediction in flank milling of thin-walled integral blade rotors (IBRs). International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90(1-4), 741-752.
[4]
Baek, D. K., Ko, T. J., & Kim, H. S. (1997). A dynamic surface roughness model for face milling. Precision Engineering, 20(3), 171-178.
[5]
Bajic, D., Celent, L., & Jozic, S. (2012). Modeling of the influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness, tool wear and cutting force in face milling in off-line process control. Strojniski Vestnik/ Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 58(11), 673-682.
[6]
Benardos, P. G., & Vosniakos, G. C. (2002). Prediction of surface roughness in CNC face milling using neural networks and Taguchi's design of experiments. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 18(5-6), 343-354.
[7]
Benardos, P. G., & Vosniakos, G.-C. (2003). Predicting surface roughness in machining: A review. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 43(8), 833-844.
[8]
Bharathi Raja, S., & Baskar, N. (2012). Application of particle swarm optimization technique for achieving desired milled surface roughness in minimum machining time. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(5), 5982-5989.
[9]
Bhattacharyya, P., & Sengupta, D. (2009). Estimation of tool wear based on adaptive sensor fusion of force and power in face milling. International Journal of Production Research, 47(3), 817-833.
[10]
Bhattacharyya, P., Sengupta, D., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Chattopadhyay, A. B. (2008). On-line tool condition monitoring in face milling using current and power signals. International Journal of Production Research, 46(4), 1187-1201.
[11]
Bishop, C. M. (1995). Neural networks for pattern recognition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
[12]
Breiman, L. (1996).Bagging predictors. Machine Learning, 24(2), 123-140.
[13]
Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5-32.
[14]
Bruni, C., d'Apolito, L., Forcellese, A., Gabrielli, F., & Simoncini, M. (2008). Surface roughness modelling in finish face milling under MQL and dry cutting conditions. International Journal of Material Forming, 1(SUPPL. 1), 503-506.
[15]
Bustillo, A., Díez-Pastor, J.-F., Quintana, G., & García-Osorio, C. (2011a). Avoiding neural network fine tuning by using ensemble learning: Application to ball-end milling operations. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 57(5-8), 521- 532.
[16]
Bustillo, A., Grzenda, M., & Macukow, B. (2016). Interpreting tree-based prediction models and their data in machining processes. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 23(4), 349-367.
[17]
Bustillo, A., Ukar, E., Rodriguez, J. J., & Lamikiz, A. (2011b). Modelling of process parameters in laser polishing of steel components using ensembles of regression trees. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 24(8), 735-747.
[18]
Caldeirani Filho, J., & Diniz, A. E. (2002). Influence of cutting conditions on tool life, tool wear and surface finish in the face milling process. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas/Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences, 24(1), 10-14.
[19]
Compeán, F. I., Olvera, D., Campa, F. J., López De Lacalle, L. N., Elías-Zúñiga, A., & Rodríguez, C. A. (2012). Characterization and stability analysis of a multivariable milling tool by the enhanced multistage homotopy perturbation method. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 57, 27-33.
[20]
da Silva, R. H. L., da Silva, M. B., & Hassui, A. (2016). A probabilistic neural network applied in monitoring tool wear in the end milling operation via acoustic emission and cutting power signals. Machining Science and Technology, 20(3), 386-405.
[21]
De Escalona, P. M., & Maropoulos, P. G. (2010). Influence of cutting parameters and tool wear on martensitic stainless steel surface integrity after a face milling process. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication), PVP 6(PART B), 1707-1716.
[22]
De Souza, A. M, Jr., Sales, W. F., Ezugwu, E. O., Bonney, J., & Machado, A. R. (2003). Burr formation in face milling of cast iron with different milling cutter systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 217(11), 1589-1596.
[23]
De Souza, A. M, Jr., Sales, W. F., Santos, S. C., & MacHado, A. R. (2005). Performance of single Si3N4 and mixed Si3N4+PCBN wiper cutting tools applied to high speed face milling of cast iron. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 45(3), 335-344.
[24]
Diniz, A. E., & Filho, J. C. (1999). Influence of the relative positions of tool and workpiece on tool life, tool wear and surface finish in the face milling process. Wear, 232(1), 67-75.
[25]
Dugin, A., & Popov, A. (2013). Increasing the accuracy of the effect of processing materials and cutting tool wear on the ploughing force values. Manufacturing Technology, 13(2), 169-173.
[26]
Elhami, S., Razfar, M. R., Farahnakian, M., & Rasti, A. (2013). Application of GONNS to predict constrained optimum surface roughness in face milling of high-silicon austenitic stainless steel. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66(5-8), 975-986.
[27]
El-Sonbaty, I. A., Khashaba, U. A., Selmy, A. I., & Ali, A. I. (2008). Prediction of surface roughness profiles for milled surfaces using an artificial neural network and fractal geometry approach. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 200(1-3), 271-278.
[28]
Felho, C., Karpuschewski, B., & Kundrák, J. (2015). Surface roughness modelling in face milling. Procedia CIRP, 31, 136-141.
[29]
Fernández-Valdivielso, A., López De Lacalle, L. N., Urbikain, G., & Rodriguez, A. (2016). Detecting the key geometrical features and grades of carbide inserts for the turning of nickel-based alloys concerning surface integrity. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 230(20), 3725-3742.
[30]
Ferreiro, S., & Sierra, B. (2012). Comparison of machine learning algorithms for optimization and improvement of process quality in conventional metallic materials. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 60(1-4), 237-249.
[31]
Freiburg, D., Odendahl, S., Siebrecht, T., Steiner, M., Wagner, T., & Zabel, A. (2014). Simulation based process optimization for the milling of light weight components. Procedia CIRP, 18, 132-137.
[32]
Gong, F., Zhao, J., Jiang, Y., Tao, H., Li, Z., & Zang, J. (2017). Fatigue failure of coated carbide tool and its influence on cutting performance in face milling SKD11 hardened steel. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 64, 27-34.
[33]
Grigoriev, S. N., Volosova, M. A., Gurin, V. L., & Seleznev, A. E. (2015). Wear of replaceable indexable inserts made of mixed cutting ceramics CC650 as a function of force parameters of steel ShKh15 face milling. Journal of Friction and Wear, 36(6), 521- 527.
[34]
Grzenda, M., & Bustillo, A. (2013). The evolutionary development of roughness prediction models. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 13(5), 2913-2922.
[35]
Grzenda, M., Bustillo, A., Quintana, G., & Ciurana, J. (2012). Improvement of surface roughness models for face milling operations through dimensionality reduction. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 19(2), 179-197.
[36]
Guzeev, V. I., & Pimenov, D. Y. (2011). Cutting force in face milling with tool wear. Russian Engineering Research, 31(10), 989-993.
[37]
Hall, M., Frank, E., Holmes, G., Pfahringer, B., Reutemann, P., & Witten, I. H. (2009). The WEKA data mining software: An update. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter, 11(1), 10-18.
[38]
Houchuan, Y., Zhitong, C., & ZiTong, Z. (2015). Influence of cutting speed and tool wear on the surface integrity of the titanium alloy Ti-1023 during milling. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 78(5-8), 1113-1126.
[39]
Jersák, J., & Simon, S. (2017). Influence of cooling lubricants on the surface roughness and energy efficiency of the cutting machine tools. International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 22(3), 779-787.
[40]
Kohavi, R. (1995). A study of cross-validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann), 2(12), 1137-1143.
[41]
Kovac, P., Rodic, D., Pucovsky, V., Savkovic, B., & Gostimirovic, M. (2013). Application of fuzzy logic and regression analysis for modeling surface roughness in face milliing. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 24(4), 755-762.
[42]
Kuncheva, L. I. (2014). Combining pattern classifiers: Methods and algorithms (6th ed., pp. 1-357). ISBN: 978-111891456-4; 978- 111831523-1.
[43]
Lela, B., Bajic, D., & Jozic, S. (2009). Regression analysis, support vector machines, and Bayesian neural network approaches to modeling surface roughness in face milling. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 42(11-12), 1082-1088.
[44]
Leonard, J. A., & Kramer, M. A. (1991). Radial basis function networks for classifying process faults. IEEE Control Systems, 11(3), 31-38.
[45]
Liu, G., Zou, B., Huang, C., Wang, X., Wang, J., & Liu, Z. (2016). Tool damage and its effect on the machined surface roughness in high-speed face milling the 17-4PH stainless steel. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 83(1-4), 257- 264.
[46]
López De Lacalle, L. N., Lamikiz, A., Sánchez, J. A., & Fernández De Bustos, I. (2006). Recording of real cutting forces along the milling of complex parts. Mechatronics, 16(1), 21-32.
[47]
Machado, Á. R., & Diniz, A. E. (2017). Tool wear analysis in the machining of hardened steels. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 92(9-12), 4095-4109.
[48]
Maudes, J., Bustillo, A., Guerra, A. J., & Ciurana, J. (2017). Random forest ensemble prediction of stent dimensions in microfabrication processes. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 91(1-4), 879-893.
[49]
Mendes-Moreira, J., Soares, C., Jorge, A. M., & De Sousa, J. F. (2012). Ensemble approaches for regression: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 45(1), 10.
[50]
Miko, E., & Nowakowski, A. (2012). Analysis and verification of surface roughness constitution model after machining process. Procedia Engineering, 39, 395-404.
[51]
Miko¿ajczyk, T., Nowicki, K., Bustillo, A., & Pimenov, D. Y. (2018). Predicting tool life in turning operations using neural networks and image processing. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 104, 503-513.
[52]
Miko¿ajczyk, T., Nowicki, K., K¿odowski, A., & Pimenov, D. Y. (2017). Neural network approach for automatic image analysis of cutting edge wear. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 88, 100- 110.
[53]
Moghaddam, M. A., & Kolahan, F. (2016). Application of orthogonal array technique and particle swarm optimization approach in surface roughness modification when face milling AISI1045 steel parts. Journal of Industrial Engineering International, 12(2), 199- 209.
[54]
Muñoz-Escalona, P., & Maropoulos, P. G. (2010). Artificial neural networks for surface roughness prediction when face milling Al 7075-T7351. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 19(2), 185-193.
[55]
Muñoz-Escalona, P., & Maropoulos, P. G. (2015). A geometrical model for surface roughness prediction when face milling Al 7075- T7351 with square insert tools. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 36(309), 216-223.
[56]
Nadeau, C., & Bengio, Y. (2003). Inference for the generalization error. Machine Learning, 52(3), 239-281.
[57]
Niaki, F. A., & Mears, L. (2017). A probabilistic-based study on fused direct and indirect methods for tracking tool flank wear of Rene-108, nickel-based alloy. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture.
[58]
Niaki, F. A., Ulutan, D., & Mears, L. (2015). Stochastic tool wear assessment in milling difficult to machine alloys. International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems, 8(3-4), 134-159.
[59]
Pimenov, D. Y. (2013a). Geometric model of height of microroughness on machined surface taking into account wear of face mill teeth. Journal of Friction and Wear, 34(4), 290-293.
[60]
Pimenov, D.Y. (2013b). The effect of the rate flankwear teeth face mills on the processing. Journal of Friction and Wear, 34(2), 156-159.
[61]
Pimenov, D. Y. (2014). Experimental research of face mill wear effect to flat surface roughness. Journal of Friction and Wear, 35(3), 250-254.
[62]
Pimenov, D. Y. (2015). Mathematical modeling of power spent in face milling taking into consideration tool wear. Journal of Friction and Wear, 36(1), 45-48.
[63]
Pimenov, D. Y., & Guzeev, V. I. (2017). Mathematical model of plowing forces to account for flank wear using FME modeling for orthogonal cutting scheme. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 89(9-12), 3149-3159.
[64]
Popov, A., & Schindelarz, R. (2017). Effect of hydraulic oil entering the cutting fluid on the tool life and roughness in milling of stainless steel. Manufacturing Technology, 17(3), 364-369.
[65]
Prasad, B. S., Sarcar, M. M. M., & Ben, B. S. (2011). Real-time tool condition monitoring of face milling using acoustooptic emission--An experimental approach. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 41(3-4), 317-325.
[66]
Quinlan, J. R. (1992). Learning with continuous classes. In Proceedings of the 5th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Singapore (Vol. 92, pp. 343-348).
[67]
Razfar, M. R., Farshbaf Zinati, R., & Haghshenas, M. (2011). Optimum surface roughness prediction in face milling by using neural network and harmony search algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 52(5-8), 487-495.
[68]
Rivero, A., López de Lacalle, L. N., & Penalva, M. L. (2008). Tool wear detection in dry high-speed milling based upon the analysis of machine internal signals. Mechatronics, 18(10), 627-633.
[69]
Rodríguez, J., Quintana, G., Bustillo, A., & Ciurana, J. (2017). A decision-making tool based on decision trees for roughness prediction in face milling. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 30(9), 943-957.
[70]
Rosales, A., Vizán, A., Diez, E., & Alanís, A. (2010). Prediction of surface roughness by registering cutting forces in the face milling process. European Journal of Scientific Research, 41(2), 228-237.
[71]
Saglam, H., & Unuvar, A. (2003). Tool condition monitoring in milling based on cutting forces by a neural network. International Journal of Production Research, 41(7), 1519-1532.
[72]
Saric, T., Simunovic, G., & Simunovic, K. (2013). Use of neural networks in prediction and simulation of steel surface roughness. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 12(4), 225-236.
[73]
Selaimia, A.-A., Yallese, M. A., Bensouilah, H., Meddour, I., Khattabi, R., & Mabrouki, T. (2017). Modeling and optimization in dry face milling of X2CrNi18-9 austenitic stainless steel using RMS and desirability approach. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 107, 53-67.
[74]
Shao, H., Wang, H. L., & Zhao, X. M. (2004). A cutting power model for tool wear monitoring in milling. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(14), 1503-1509.
[75]
Shi, K., Ren, J., Zhang, D., Zhai, Z., & Huang, X. (2016). Tool wear behaviors and its effect on machinability in dry high-speed milling of magnesium alloy. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90(9-12), 3265-3273.
[76]
Simunovic, G., Simunovic, K., & Saric, T. (2013). Modelling and simulation of surface roughness in face milling. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 12(3), 141-153.
[77]
Simunovic, G., Svalina, I., Simunovic, K., Saric, T., Havrlisan, S., & Vukelic, D. (2016). Surface roughness assessing based on digital image features. Advances in Production Engineering and Management, 11(2), 93-104.
[78]
Srinivasa Pai, P., Nagabhushana, T. N., & Ramakrishna Rao, P. K. (2002). Flank wear estimation in face milling based on radial basis function neural networks. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 20(4), 241-247.
[79]
Svalina, I., ¿imunovic, G., ¿aric, T., & Lujic, R. (2017). Evolutionary neuro-fuzzy system for surface roughness evaluation. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 52, 593-604.
[80]
Teixidor, D., Grzenda, M., Bustillo, A., & Ciurana, J. (2015). Modeling pulsed laser micromachining of micro geometries using machine-learning techniques. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 26(4), 801-814.
[81]
Urbikain, G., Alvarez, A., López De Lacalle, L. N., Arsuaga, M., Alonso, M. A., & Veiga, F. (2017). A reliable turning process by the early use of a deep simulation model at several manufacturing stages. Machines, 5(2), 15.
[82]
Werda, S., Duchosal, A., Le Quilliec, G., Morandeau, A., & Leroy, R. (2017). Minimum quantity lubrication advantages when applied to insert flank face in milling. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 92(5-8), 2391-2399.
[83]
Zhenyu, S., Luning, L., & Zhanqiang, L. (2015). Influence of dynamic effects on surface roughness for face milling process. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 80(9-12), 1823- 1831.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Deep learning based multi-source heterogeneous information fusion framework for online monitoring of surface quality in milling processEngineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108043133:PAOnline publication date: 1-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Machining quality prediction of complex thin-walled parts using multi-task dual domain adaptive deep transfer learningAdvanced Engineering Informatics10.1016/j.aei.2024.10264062:PAOnline publication date: 1-Oct-2024
  • (2022)Artificial intelligence systems for tool condition monitoring in machining: analysis and critical reviewJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-022-01923-234:5(2079-2121)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2022
  • Show More Cited By
  1. Artificial intelligence for automatic prediction of required surface roughness by monitoring wear on face mill teeth

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
      Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing  Volume 29, Issue 5
      June 2018
      212 pages

      Publisher

      Springer-Verlag

      Berlin, Heidelberg

      Publication History

      Published: 01 June 2018

      Author Tags

      1. Cutting power
      2. Face milling
      3. Processing time
      4. Random forest
      5. Surface roughness
      6. Wear

      Qualifiers

      • Article

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
      Reflects downloads up to 19 Feb 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Deep learning based multi-source heterogeneous information fusion framework for online monitoring of surface quality in milling processEngineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108043133:PAOnline publication date: 1-Jul-2024
      • (2024)Machining quality prediction of complex thin-walled parts using multi-task dual domain adaptive deep transfer learningAdvanced Engineering Informatics10.1016/j.aei.2024.10264062:PAOnline publication date: 1-Oct-2024
      • (2022)Artificial intelligence systems for tool condition monitoring in machining: analysis and critical reviewJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-022-01923-234:5(2079-2121)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2022
      • (2022)Reconstruction of 3D surfaces from incomplete digitisations using statistical shape models for manufacturing processesJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-022-01918-z34:5(2345-2358)Online publication date: 18-Mar-2022
      • (2022)Smart sheet metal forming: importance of data acquisition, preprocessing and transformation on the performance of a multiclass support vector machine for predicting wear states during blankingJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-021-01789-w33:1(259-282)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
      • (2022)Surface roughness stabilization method based on digital twin-driven machining parameters self-adaption adjustment: a case study in five-axis machiningJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-020-01698-433:4(943-952)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022
      • (2022)Improving the accuracy of machine-learning models with data from machine test repetitionsJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-020-01661-333:1(203-221)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
      • (2022)Review on R&D task integrated management of intelligent manufacturing equipmentNeural Computing and Applications10.1007/s00521-022-07023-934:8(5813-5837)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022
      • (2021)A steel surface defect inspection approach towards smart industrial monitoringJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-020-01670-232:7(1833-1843)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021
      • (2021)Machine-learning for automatic prediction of flatness deviation considering the wear of the face mill teethJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing10.1007/s10845-020-01645-332:3(895-912)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      View options

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media