Modeling the performance of ring based DHTs in the presence of network address translators
Abstract
Dealing with Network Address Translators (NATs) is a central probleminmany peer-to-peer applications on the Internet today.However, most analytical models of overlay networks assume the underlying network to be a complete graph, an assumption that might hold in evaluation environments such as Planet-Lab but turns out to be simplistic in practice. In this work we introduce an analytical network model where a fraction of the communication links are unavailable due to NATs. We investigate how the topology induced by the model affects the performance of ring based DHTs. We quantify two main performance issues induced by NATs namely large lookup inconsistencies and increased break-up probability, and suggest how theses issues can be addressed. The model is evaluated using discrete based simulation for a wide range of parameters.
References
[1]
D'Acunto, L., Pouwelse, J., Sips, H.: A measurement of NAT and firewall characteristics in peer-to-peer systems. In: Gevers, T., Bos, H., Wolters, L. (eds.) Proc. 15-th ASCI Conference, pp. 1-5. Advanced School for Computing and Imaging (ASCI), P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands (June 2009).
[2]
Dale, C., Liu, J.: apt-p2p: A peer-to-peer distribution system for software package releases and updates. In: IEEE INFOCOM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (April 2009).
[3]
Freedman, M.J., Lakshminarayanan, K., Rhea, S., Stoica, I.: Non-transitive connectivity and DHTs. In: WORLDS 2005: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Real, Large Distributed Systems, pp. 55-60. USENIX Association, Berkeley (2005).
[4]
Huang, Y., Fu, T.Z., Chiu, D.M., Lui, J.C., Huang, C.: Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale p2p-vod system. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 38(4), 375-388 (2008).
[5]
Jimenez, R., Osmani, F., Knutsson, B.: Connectivity properties of mainline BitTorrent DHT nodes. In: IEEE Ninth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, P2P 2009, pp. 262-270 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/P2P.2009.5284530
[6]
Kermarrec, A.M., Pace, A., Quema, V., Schiavoni, V.: NAT-resilient gossip peer sampling. In: International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, vol. 0, pp. 360-367 (2009).
[7]
Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E.A., Haridi, S.: An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 16, 814-825 (2008).
[8]
Li, B., Qu, Y., Keung, Y., Xie, S., Lin, C., Liu, J., Zhang, X.: Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance Implications. In: The 27th Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2008. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2008).
[9]
Liu, Y., Pan, J.: The impact of NAT on BitTorrent-like p2p systems. In: IEEE Ninth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, P2P 2009, pp. 242-251 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/P2P.2009.5284521
[10]
Maymounkov, P., Mazieres, D.: Kademlia: A peer-to-peer information system based on the xor metric (2002).
[11]
Mejías, B., Van Roy, P.: The relaxed-ring: a fault-tolerant topology for structured overlay networks. Parallel Processing Letters 18(3), 411-432 (2008).
[12]
Rhea, S., Godfrey, B., Karp, B., Kubiatowicz, J., Ratnasamy, S., Shenker, S., Stoica, I., Yu, H.: OpenDHT: A public DHT service and its uses (2005), citeseer.ist.psu.edu/rhea05opendht.html
[13]
Roverso, R., El-Ansary, S., Haridi, S.: NATCracker: NAT combinations matter. In: International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 1-7 (2009).
[14]
Shafaat, T.M., Moser, M., Schütt, T., Reinefeld, A., Ghodsi, A., Haridi, S.: Key-based consistency and availability in structured overlay networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Scalable Information Systems (Infoscale 2008). ACM, New York (June 2008).
[15]
Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, F., Balakrishnan, H.: Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGCOMM Conference, pp. 149-160 (2001).
- Modeling the performance of ring based DHTs in the presence of network address translators
Recommendations
Mobility Churn in DHTs
ICDCSW '05: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mobility in Peer-to-Peer Systems - Volume 08Most peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays based on distributed hash tables (DHTs) focus on stationary Internet hosts. However, when nodes in the last-mile wireless extension are allowed to join the overlay, we will face immediately the problem of peer mobility. ...
Evaluation of hierarchical DHTs to mitigate churn effects in mobile networks
This research reviews recent works on flat DHTs under high churn.This research evaluates a flat DHT and a hierarchical DHT with or without churn.This research assesses the performance of two HDHTs with or without churn. Existing flat peer-to-peer (P2P) ...
M-Ring: A Distributed, Self-Organized, Load-Balanced Communication Method on Super Peer Network
ISPAN '08: Proceedings of the The International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and NetworksMany peer-to-peer file sharing systems have been proposed to take the locality and heterogeneity into account. The two-layered architecture is one of the most wide spread systems with abilities by classifying peers into groups and serving some powerful ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Sponsors
- SIGAPP: ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing
- SIGSOFT: ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering
- IFIP: International Federation for Information Processing
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg
Publication History
Published: 06 June 2011
Check for updates
Qualifiers
- Article
Conference
DAIS '11: 11th IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems
June 6 - 9, 2011
Reykjavik, Iceland
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 28 Feb 2025