Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.5555/1889075.1889104guideproceedingsArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesConference Proceedingsacm-pubtype
Article

Developing interpersonal relationships with virtual agents through social instructional dialog

Published: 20 September 2010 Publication History

Abstract

Virtual pedagogical agents are used to teach skills like intercultural negotiation. In this work, we looked at how introducing social conversational strategies into instructional dialog affects learners' interpersonal relations with such virtual agents. We discuss the development of a model for social instructional dialog (SID), and a comparison task informational dialog model. SID is designed to support students in taking a social orientation towards learning, through the use of conversational strategies that are theorized to produce interpersonal effects: self-disclosure, narrative, and affirmation. We discuss the implementation of these models in a virtual agent that instructs learners on negotiation and Iraqi culture. Finally, we report on the results of an empirical study with 39 participants in which we found that the SID model had significant effects on learners' interpersonal relations with the agent. While SID engendered greater feelings of entitativity and shared perspective with the agent, it also significantly lowered ratings of trust. These findings may guide development of dialog for future agents.

References

[1]
Bateman, C.: Game writing: narrative skills for videogames. Charles River Media, Hingham (2007).
[2]
Blanchard, E., Ogan, A.: Culturally-Aware Tutoring Systems: ITS in a Globalized World. In: Nkambou, R., Mizoguchi, R., Bourdeau, J. (eds.) Advances in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Springer, Berlin (in press).
[3]
Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: Relational agents: a model and implementation of building user trust. In: Proc. of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 396-403. ACM, New York (2001).
[4]
Burt, R.: Structural holes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1992).
[5]
Chou, C.-Y., Chan, T.-W., Lin, C.-J.: Redefining the learning companion: the past, present, and future of educational agents. Computers & Education 40, 255-269 (2003).
[6]
Bochner, A.P., Ellis, C., Tillmann-Healy, L.M.: Relationships as stories: Accounts, storied lives, evocative narratives. In: Dindia, K., Duck, S. (eds.) Communication and personal relationships, pp. 12-29. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester (2000).
[7]
Bruner, J.: Actual minds, possible worlds. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1986).
[8]
Cozby, P.C.: Self-disclosure: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin (1973).
[9]
Despain, W.: Professional Techniques for Video Game Writing (2008).
[10]
Galinsky, A., Mussweiler, T.: Promoting good outcomes: Effects of regulatory focus on negotiation outcomes. J. of Personality and Social Psychology 81, 657-669 (2001).
[11]
Gelfand, M., Brett, J. (eds.): The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture, Stanford (1983).
[12]
Hill, R.W., Belanich, J., Lane, H.C., Core, M.G., Dixon, M., Forbell, E., Kim, J., Hart, J.: Pedagogically Structured Game-based Training: Development of the ELECT BiLAT Simulation. In: Proc. 25th Army Science Conf. (2006).
[13]
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T.: Cooperative learning and achievement. In: Sharan, S. (ed.) Cooperative learning: Theory and Research, pp. 23-37. Praeger, NY (1990).
[14]
Jones, E.E., Nisbett, R.E.: The actor and the observer: Divergent perception of the causes of behavior. In: Jones, E.E. (ed.) Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior, pp. 79-94. Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1987).
[15]
Lang, A., Bolls, P., Potter, R., Kawahara, K.: The effects of production pacing and arousing content on the information processing of television messages. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 43(4), 451-475 (1999).
[16]
Levin, D.Z.: Transferring knowledge within the organization in the R&D arena. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University (1999).
[17]
Lou, Y., Abrami, P.C., d'Apollonia, S.: Small group and individual learning with technology: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research 71(3), 449-521 (2001).
[18]
Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D.: An integration model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20, 709-734 (1995).
[19]
McQuiggan, S., Rowe, J., Lee, S., Lester, J.: Story-Based Learning: The Impact of Narrative on Learning Experiences and Outcomes. In: Woolf, B.P., Aïmeur, E., Nkambou, R., Lajoie, S. (eds.) ITS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5091, pp. 530-539. Springer, Heidelberg (2008).
[20]
Mintzberg, H.: The nature of managerial work. Harper Row, New York (1973).
[21]
Mirrielees, E.: Story Writing. Wildside Press LLC (2008).
[22]
Moon, Y.: Intimate self-disclosure exhanges: Using computers to build reciprocal relationships with consumers. Harvard Business School, Cambridge (1998).
[23]
Neale, M.A., Bazerman, M.H.: The role of perspective-taking ability in negotiating under different forms of arbitration. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 36, 378-388 (1983).
[24]
Nydell, M.: Understanding Arabs: a guide for modern times (2006).
[25]
Okita, S.Y., Bailenson, J., Schwartz, D.L.: Mere Belief of Social Action Improves Complex Learnin. In: Barab, S., Hay, K., Hickey, D. (eds.) Proc of the 8th International Conference for the Learning Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey (2008).
[26]
Pelz, D.C., Andrews, F.M.: Scientists in organizations: Productive climates for research and development. Wiley, New York (1966).
[27]
Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media like Real People and Place. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996).
[28]
Riedl, M., Arriaga, R., Boujarwah, F., Hong, H., Isbell, J., Heflin, L.J.: Graphical social scenarios: Toward intervention and authoring for adolescents with high functioning autism. In: Proc. of the of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Virtual Healthcare Interaction, Arlington, VA (2009).
[29]
Schank, R.C., Berman, T.R.: The pervasive role of stories in knowledge and action. In: Green, M.C., Strange, J.J., Brock, T.C. (eds.) Narrative impact: Social and cognitive foundations, pp. 287-313. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah (2002).
[30]
Schank, R.C.: Case-Based Teaching: Four Experiences in Educational Software Design. Interactive Learning Environments 1(4), 231-253 (1990).
[31]
Silvera, D.H., Martinussen, M., Dahl, T.I.: The Tromso Social Intelligence Scale, a selfreport measure of social intelligence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 42, 313-319 (2001).
[32]
Wang, N., Johnson, W.L., Rizzo, P., Shaw, E., Mayer, R.E.: Experimental evaluation of polite interaction tactics for pedagogical agents. In: Proc of the 10th Intl. Conf. on Intelligent User interfaces, pp. 12-19. ACM, New York (2005).
[33]
Wheeless, L., Grotz, J.: The Measurement of Trust and Its Relationship to Self-Disclosure. Human Communication Research 3, 250-257 (1977).
[34]
Wiggins, J.: A psychological taxonomy of trait descriptive terms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 395-412 (1979).

Cited By

View all
  • (2011)Persistent effects of social instructional dialog in a virtual learning environmentProceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education10.5555/2026506.2026540(238-246)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2011

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings
IVA'10: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
September 2010
490 pages
ISBN:3642158919

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 20 September 2010

Author Tags

  1. enculturated embodied conversational agents
  2. intercultural instruction
  3. interpersonal relationships
  4. pedagogical agents
  5. social instructional dialog

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 13 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2011)Persistent effects of social instructional dialog in a virtual learning environmentProceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education10.5555/2026506.2026540(238-246)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2011

View Options

View options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media