Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy

Mir Asma

¹,

W.A.M. Othman

^1,*,

Taseer Muhammad

²,

Fouad Mallawi

³ and

B.R. Wong

Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

Department of Mathematics, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101282

Submission received: 5 August 2019 / Revised: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2019 / Published: 14 October 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering)

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Abstract

This article examines magnetohydrodynamic 3D nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk subject to Arrhenius activation energy and heat generation/absorption. Flow is created due to a rotating disk. Velocity, temperature and concentration slips at the surface of the rotating disk are considered. Effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are also accounted. The nonlinear expressions have been deduced by transformation procedure. Shooting technique is used to construct the numerical solution of governing system. Plots are organized just to investigate how velocities, temperature and concentration are influenced by various emerging flow parameters. Skin-friction Local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also plotted and analyzed. In addition, a symmetry is noticed for both components of velocity when Hartman number enhances.

Keywords:

rotating disk; Arrhenius activation energy; nanoparticles; binary chemical reaction; MHD; heat generation/absorption; slip effects; numerical solution

1. Introduction

Low thermal efficiency of working liquids is a principle issue for a few heat transport components in the designing of applications. Therefore a few scientists are occupied with the request to build up an imaginative route for development of thermal productivity of working liquids. Different components have been proposed by specialists to improve the thermal productivity of liquids. Therefore, the inclusion of nanomaterial in working liquid termed as nanofluid is very alluring component. Recent examinations on nanofluid have uncovered that working fluid has various highlights with nanomaterial blend. This is on the grounds that the thermal proficiency of working fluid is weaker than nanofluid thermal productivity. Nanofluid is a recently perceived group of liquids containing working liquid with the particles of nano measure. Such nanomaterials are employed in MHD control generators, oil stores, cooling of atomic reactors, malignancy treatment, vehicle transformer and several others [1,2,3,4,5]. The word nanofluid was first used by Choi [6] to explain the thermal conductivity of ordinary liquids. From the perspective of exploring how thermal conductivity is expanded, various examinations are introduced by him. Further attempts on nanofluids can be cited through investigations [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20].

Analysts are presently much occupied by exploring fluid flow via rotating disk. It is because of its numerous applications in various fields of technology, for example, design branches and aeronautical science such as gem development forms, electronic gadgets, pivoting hardware, PC stockpiling gadgets, thermal power producing systems, gas turbine rotors, air cleaning machines, restorative gear and several others [21,22,23]. Von Karman [24] provided pioneering work with fluid flow via rotating disk. He examined the subsequent issue diagnostically. Cochran [25] proved an asymptotic answer for the von Karman issue. Millsaps and Pohlhansen [26] examined the issue of heat transfer for the isothermal plate. Ackroyd [27] thought about suction/infusion impacts in the Von Karman issue and he created a solution by exponentially rotting coefficients. Miclavcic and Wang [28] broadened the Von Karman issue for circumstances where a rotating disk concedes partial slip attributes. Attia [29] examined fluid flow because of a rotating disk inundated in a permeable space by using the Wrench Nicolson technique. Flow of viscous fluid by permeable disk subject to pivoting casing and heat/mass exchange was analyzed by Turkyilmazoglu and Senel [30]. They processed numeric consequences of governing flow issue. Rashidi et al. [31] analyzed impacts of entropy generation in MHD flow of viscous fluid by rotating disk. Hatami et al. [32] talked about laminar flow of nanofluids instigated by turning contracting disk. Mustafa et al. [33] investigated the flow of nanoliquid initiated by a rotating disk. They inferred that uniform extension of a disk is a significant factor for decreasing boundary-layer thickness. Sheikholeslami et al. [34] accounted for nanofluid flow incited by a slanted rotating plate. Hayat et al. [35] examined flow by a rotating disk through a magnetic field, slip and nanoparticle impact. Flow of MHD nanoliquid by rotating disk subject to slip was explored by Mustafa [36]. Darcy Forchheimer flow of carbon nanotubes incited by a rotating disk was examined by Hayat et al. [37]. Further relevant attempts regarding rotating disks can be seen through investigations [38,39,40].

Propelled by the above articles, the goal here is to look at the combined impacts of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reactions in hydromagnetic 3D flow of nanofluid by rotating disk with heat generation/absorption and slip impacts. The random movement and thermophoretic dispersion phenomena occur because of the nanoparticles. Velocity, thermal and concentration slips are considered. The governing system is solved numerically by shooting procedure. Velocities, temperature, concentration and local Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are additionally discussed through curves.

2. Statement

We analyze MHD steady three-dimensional flow of nanoliquid by rotating disk with thermal generation/absorption and slip impacts. Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction impacts are additionally present. Disk at

z = 0

pivots with constant angular velocity

Ω

. Brownian dispersion and thermophoretic impacts are also present. Magnetic field of strength

B_{0}

acts in

z -

direction (see Figure 1). The velocity components

(u,

v,

w)

are in the directions of expanding

(r,

φ,

z)

respectively. Resulting boundary-layer expressions are

\frac{\partial u}{\partial r} + \frac{u}{r} + \frac{\partial w}{\partial z} = 0,

(1)

u \frac{\partial u}{\partial r} - \frac{v^{2}}{r} + w \frac{\partial u}{\partial z} = ν (\frac{\partial^{2} u}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial u}{\partial r} - \frac{u}{r^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2} u}{\partial z^{2}}) - \frac{σ B_{0}^{2}}{ρ_{f}} u,

(2)

u \frac{\partial v}{\partial r} + \frac{u v}{r} + w \frac{\partial v}{\partial z} = ν (\frac{\partial^{2} v}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial v}{\partial r} - \frac{v}{r^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2} v}{\partial z^{2}}) - \frac{σ B_{0}^{2}}{ρ_{f}} v,

(3)

u \frac{\partial w}{\partial r} + w \frac{\partial w}{\partial z} = ν (\frac{\partial^{2} w}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial w}{\partial r} + \frac{\partial^{2} w}{\partial z^{2}}),

(4)

\begin{matrix} u \frac{\partial T}{\partial r} + w \frac{\partial T}{\partial z} = & α_{m} (\frac{\partial^{2} T}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial T}{\partial r} + \frac{\partial^{2} T}{\partial z^{2}}) + \frac{Q}{{(ρ c)}_{f}} (T - T_{\infty}) \\ + \frac{{(ρ c)}_{p}}{{(ρ c)}_{f}} (D_{B} (\frac{\partial T}{\partial r} \frac{\partial C}{\partial r} + \frac{\partial T}{\partial z} \frac{\partial C}{\partial z}) + \frac{D_{T}}{T_{\infty}} ({(\frac{\partial T}{\partial r})}^{2} + {(\frac{\partial T}{\partial z})}^{2})), \end{matrix}

(5)

\begin{matrix} u \frac{\partial C}{\partial r} + w \frac{\partial C}{\partial z} = & D_{B} (\frac{\partial^{2} C}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial C}{\partial r} + \frac{\partial^{2} C}{\partial z^{2}}) \\ + \frac{D_{T}}{T_{\infty}} (\frac{\partial^{2} T}{\partial r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial T}{\partial r} + \frac{\partial^{2} T}{\partial z^{2}}) - k_{r}^{2} (C - C_{\infty}) {(\frac{T}{T_{\infty}})}^{n} exp (- \frac{E_{a}}{κ T}), \end{matrix}

(6)

u = L_{1} \frac{\partial u}{\partial z}, v = r Ω + L_{1} \frac{\partial v}{\partial z}, w = 0, T = T_{w} + L_{2} \frac{\partial T}{\partial z}, C = C_{w} + L_{3} \frac{\partial C}{\partial z} at z = 0,

(7)

u \to 0, v \to 0, T \to T_{\infty}, C \to C_{\infty} when z \to \infty .

(8)

Here

u,

v and w represent velocities in directions of

r,

φ

and z while

ρ_{f},

ν (= μ / ρ_{f})

and

μ

show density, kinematic and dynamic viscosities, respectively,

L_{1}

the velocity slip factor,

{(ρ c)}_{p}

the effective heat capacity of nanoparticles,

E_{a}

the activation energy,

{(ρ c)}_{f}

heat capacity of liquid,

L_{2}

the thermal slip factor,

σ

the electrical conductivity, C the concentration, n the fitted rate constant,

C_{\infty}

the ambient concentration,

D_{T}

the thermophoretic factor,

α_{m} = k / {(ρ c)}_{f}

and k the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity respectively, T the fluid temperature,

k_{r}

the reaction rate,

D_{B}

the Brownian factor,

L_{3}

the concentration slip factor, Q the heat generation/absorption factor,

κ

the Boltzmann constant and

T_{\infty}

the ambient temperature. Selecting

\begin{matrix} u = r Ω f^{'} (ζ), w = - {(2 Ω ν)}^{1 / 2} f (ζ), v = r Ω g (ζ), \\ ϕ (ζ) = \frac{C - C_{\infty}}{C_{w} - C_{\infty}}, ζ = {(\frac{2 Ω}{ν})}^{1 / 2} z, θ (ζ) = \frac{T - T_{\infty}}{T_{w} - T_{\infty}} . \end{matrix}\}

(9)

Continuity Equation (1) is trivially verified while Equations (2)–(8) yield

2 f^{‴} + 2 f f^{″} - f^{'^{2}} + g^{2} - {(H a)}^{2} f^{'} = 0,

(10)

2 g^{″} + 2 f g^{'} - 2 f^{'} g - {(H a)}^{2} g = 0,

(11)

\frac{1}{Pr} θ^{″} + f θ^{'} + N_{b} θ^{'} ϕ^{'} + N_{t} θ^{'^{2}} + δ_{1} θ = 0,

(12)

\frac{1}{S c} ϕ^{″} + f ϕ^{'} + \frac{1}{S c} \frac{N_{t}}{N_{b}} θ^{″} - σ {(1 + δ θ)}^{n} ϕ exp (- \frac{E}{1 + δ θ}) = 0,

(13)

f (0) = 0, f^{'} (0) = α f^{″} (0), g (0) = 1 + α g^{'} (0), θ (0) = 1 + β θ^{'} (0), ϕ (0) = 1 + γ ϕ^{'} (0),

(14)

f^{'} (\infty) \to 0, g (\infty) \to 0, θ (\infty) \to 0, ϕ (\infty) \to 0 .

(15)

Here

N_{t}

stands for the thermophoresis parameter,

α

for velocity slip parameter,

H a

for Hartman number,

σ

for chemical reaction parameter,

N_{b}

for Brownian parameter,

β

for thermal slip parameter,

δ

for temperature difference parameter, Pr for Prandtl number,

γ

for concentration slip parameter,

δ_{1}

for heat absorption/generation parameter,

S c

for Schmidt number and E for nondimensional activation energy. Nondimensional variables are defined by

\begin{matrix} {(H a)}^{2} = \frac{σ B_{0}^{2}}{Ω ρ_{f}}, Pr = \frac{ν}{α_{m}}, α = L_{1} \sqrt{\frac{2 Ω}{ν}}, γ = L_{3} \sqrt{\frac{2 Ω}{ν}}, \\ N_{t} = \frac{{(ρ c)}_{p} D_{T} (T_{w} - T_{\infty})}{{(ρ c)}_{f} ν T_{\infty}}, S c = \frac{ν}{D_{B}}, N_{b} = \frac{{(ρ c)}_{p} D_{B} (C_{w} - C_{\infty})}{{(ρ c)}_{f} ν}, δ_{1} = \frac{Q}{2 Ω {(ρ c)}_{f}}, \\ β = L_{2} \sqrt{\frac{2 Ω}{ν}}, σ = \frac{k_{r}^{2}}{Ω}, δ = \frac{T_{f} - T_{\infty}}{T_{\infty}}, E = \frac{E_{a}}{κ T_{\infty}} . \end{matrix}\}

(16)

The coefficients of skin-friction and local Nusselt and Sherwood expressions are

\begin{matrix} {Re}_{r}^{1 / 2} C_{f} = f^{″} (0), {Re}_{r}^{1 / 2} C_{g} = g^{'} (0), \\ {Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u = - θ^{'} (0), {Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h = - ϕ^{'} (0), \end{matrix}\}

(17)

where

{Re}_{r} = 2 (Ω r) r / ν

represents the local rotational Reynolds number.

3. Solution Methodology

By using appropriate boundary conditions on a system of equations, a numerical solution is provided considering NDSolve in Mathematica. Shooting technique is used via NDSolve. This technique is very helpful in the case of small step-sizes featuring negligible error. Consequently, both r and z varied uniformly by a step-size of

0.01 .

4. Results and Discussion

This segment outlines the commitment of various relevant parameters including Prandtl number

Pr,

Hartman number

H a

, thermophoresis parameter

N_{t}

, chemical reaction parameter

σ

, velocity slip parameter

α

, Schmidt number

S c

, temperature difference parameter

δ

, Brownian parameter

N_{b}

, thermal slip parameter

β

, activation energy E, heat generation/absorption parameter

δ_{1}

, concentration slip parameter

γ

on velocities

f^{'} (ζ)

and

g (ζ)

, concentration

ϕ (ζ)

and temperature

θ (ζ)

distributions. Figure 2 demonstrates the variety in velocity field

f^{'} (ζ)

for shifting Hartman parameter Ha. An addition in Hartman parameter Ha relates to bringing down velocity field

f^{'} (ζ)

. Here Ha=0 yields hydromagnetic flow circumstance and Ha=0 speaks to hydro-dynamic flow case. Figure 3 portrays adjustment in velocity field

f^{'} (ζ)

for differing estimations of velocity slip parameter

α

. Velocity field and related layer are diminished for higher

α

. Figure 4 shows adjustment in velocity field

g (ζ)

for fluctuating Hartman parameter Ha. Here we examined that velocity field diminishes when Hartman parameter Ha increments. Figure 5 is portrayed to look at that how velocity field

g (ζ)

is influenced with variety of velocity slip

α

. For increasing estimations of

α

, velocity field

g (ζ)

indicates diminishing pattern. Figure 6 showcases the impact of Hartman parameter Ha on temperature

θ (ζ)

. Obviously, temperature and the related thermal layer are upgraded for increasing Ha. Effect of thermal slip

β

on temperature dissemination

θ (ζ)

is delineated in Figure 7. Improvement in

β

depicts diminishing conduct for

θ (ζ)

and the related thermal layer. Figure 8 shows how heat generation/absorption number

δ_{1}

influences temperature dispersion

θ (ζ)

. Here

δ_{1} > 0

portrays heat generation and

δ_{1} < 0

for heat absorption. Both temperature

θ (ζ)

and thermal layer are upgraded for increasing

δ_{1}

. Figure 9 introduces a variety in temperature field

θ (ζ)

for differing Prandtl parameter Pr. Here

θ (ζ)

is diminished through Pr. Proportion of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity is termed as Prandtl parameter Pr. Higher estimations of Pr yield more fragile thermal diffusivity which compares to a reduction in thermal layer. Effect of

N_{t}

on temperature profile

θ (ζ)

is depicted in Figure 10. Addition in

N_{t}

relates to stronger temperature field

θ (ζ)

and more thermal layer. Figure 11 delineates variety in temperature field

θ (ζ)

for unmistakable estimations of Brownian movement

N_{b}

. Physically, a sporadic movement of nanoparticles improves by expanding Brownian movement

N_{b}

because of which impact of particles happens. As a result, dynamic vitality is changed into warmth vitality which shows an upgrade in temperature profile and the related layer. Figure 12 demonstrates that how Hartman parameter Ha influences concentration

ϕ (ζ)

. By expanding Hartman parameter Ha, both concentration and concentration layers are improved. Figure 13 shows that concentration dispersion

ϕ (ζ)

is weaker for bigger concentration slip. From Figure 14, we saw that bigger Schmidt parameter Sc demonstrates a rot in concentration field

ϕ (ζ)

. Schmidt parameter is conversely relative to Brownian diffusivity. Increasing Schmidt parameter Sc yields a more fragile Brownian diffusivity. This more fragile Brownian diffusivity prompts lower concentration field

ϕ (ζ)

. Figure 15 demonstrates that how thermophoresis

N_{t}

influences concentration profile

ϕ (ζ)

. By improving thermophoresis parameter

N_{t}

, the concentration field

ϕ (ζ)

and related layer are expanded. Figure 16 portrays effect of Brownian movement

N_{b}

on concentration

ϕ (ζ)

. It is obviously observed that a more fragile concentration

ϕ (ζ)

is produced by using higher Brownian movement parameter

N_{b}

. Figure 17 explains the impact of nondimensional activation energy E on concentration

ϕ (ζ)

. An improvement in activation energy E rots altered Arrhenius work

{(\frac{T}{T_{\infty}})}^{n} exp (- \frac{E_{a}}{κ T})

. This inevitably builds up the generative synthetic response because of which concentration

ϕ (ζ)

upgrades. Figure 18 introduces an improvement in compound response parameter

σ

shows a rot in concentration

ϕ (ζ)

and its related layer. Figure 19 explains the impact of

δ

ϕ (ζ)

. Here

ϕ (ζ)

is seen as a diminishing capacity of

δ

. Figure 20 depicts the concentration

ϕ (ζ)

for evolving n. By improving n, infiltration profundity of

ϕ (ζ)

closures become slenderer. Figure 21 and Figure 22 display the effects of

N_{t}

and

N_{b}

{R e}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

. From these figures, it has been noticed that

{R e}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

reduces for higher

N_{t}

and

N_{b}

. Features of

N_{t}

and

N_{b}

{R e}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

are disclosed through Figure 23 and Figure 24. Interestingly,

{R e}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

is an increasing function of

N_{t}

while it is a decreasing function of

N_{b}

5. Conclusions

Magnetohydrodynamic viscous nanoliquid 3D flow by rotating disk with heat absorption/generation, binary chemical reaction and Arrhenius activation energy is examined. Major results are given as follows:

Larger velocity slip $α$ and Hartman number $H a$ show decreasing trend for both velocities $f^{'} (ζ)$ and $g (ζ)$ .
Both concentration and temperature depict increasing trend for increasing $H a$ .
Higher Pr corresponds to weaker temperature while the reverse behavior is seen for $δ_{1}$ .
Stronger temperature distribution is seen for $N_{b}$ and $N_{t}$ .
Higher $γ$ exhibits a decreasing trend for the concentration field.
Higher activation energy E shows stronger concentration $ϕ (ζ)$ .
Concentration $ϕ (ζ)$ depicts decreasing behavior for larger $δ$ and $σ$ .
Both concentration $ϕ (ζ)$ is a decreasing factor of higher $S c$ .
Concentration $ϕ (ζ)$ displays reverse behavior for $N_{b}$ and $N_{t}$ .

Author Contributions

All the authors have contributed equally to this manuscript.

Funding

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia under grant no. (KEP-16-130-40).

Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia under grant no. (KEP-16-130-40). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR technical and financial support.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Figure 1. Flow configuration.

Figure 2. Sketch of

f^{'} (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 2. Sketch of

f^{'} (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 3. Sketch of

f^{'} (ζ)

for

α

Figure 3. Sketch of

f^{'} (ζ)

for

α

Figure 4. Sketch of

g (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 4. Sketch of

g (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 5. Sketch of

g (ζ)

for

α

Figure 5. Sketch of

g (ζ)

for

α

Figure 6. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 6. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 7. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

β

Figure 7. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

β

Figure 8. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

δ_{1}

Figure 8. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

δ_{1}

Figure 9. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for Pr.

Figure 9. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for Pr.

Figure 10. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

N_{t}

Figure 10. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

N_{t}

Figure 11. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

N_{b}

Figure 11. Sketch of

θ (ζ)

for

N_{b}

Figure 12. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 12. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

H a

Figure 13. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

γ

Figure 13. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

γ

Figure 14. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

S c

Figure 14. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

S c

Figure 15. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

N_{t}

Figure 15. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

N_{t}

Figure 16. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

N_{b}

Figure 16. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

N_{b}

Figure 17. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for E.

Figure 17. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for E.

Figure 18. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

σ

Figure 18. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

σ

Figure 19. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

δ

Figure 19. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for

δ

Figure 20. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for n.

Figure 20. Sketch of

ϕ (ζ)

for n.

Figure 21. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

for

N_{t}

Figure 21. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

for

N_{t}

Figure 22. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

for

N_{b}

Figure 22. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} N u

for

N_{b}

Figure 23. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

for

N_{t}

Figure 23. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

for

N_{t}

Figure 24. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

for

N_{b}

Figure 24. Sketch of

{Re}_{r}^{- 1 / 2} S h

for

N_{b}

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Asma, M.; Othman, W.A.M.; Muhammad, T.; Mallawi, F.; Wong, B.R. Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy. Symmetry 2019, 11, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101282

AMA Style

Asma M, Othman WAM, Muhammad T, Mallawi F, Wong BR. Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy. Symmetry. 2019; 11(10):1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101282

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asma, Mir, W.A.M. Othman, Taseer Muhammad, Fouad Mallawi, and B.R. Wong. 2019. "Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy" Symmetry 11, no. 10: 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101282

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Numerical Study for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Nanofluid Due to a Rotating Disk with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Statement

3. Solution Methodology

4. Results and Discussion

5. Conclusions

Author Contributions

Funding

Acknowledgments

Conflicts of Interest

References

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