Optical Design Study with Uniform Field of View Regardless of Sensor Size for Terahertz System Applications

The focal length in a typical optical system changes with the angle of view, according to the size of the sensor. This study proposed an optical terahertz (THz) system application where the focal length changed while the angle of view was fixed; thus, the image height was variable and responded to various sensor sizes. Therefore, it is possible to respond to various sensors with one optical system when the inspection distance is fixed. The fundamental optical system was designed by arranging the refractive power, which was determined according to the sensor size using the Gaussian bracketing method. A zoom optical system that changed the image height by fixing the angle of view and changed the focal length by moving the internal lens group was designed. THz waves exhibit minimal change in the refractive index depending on the wavelength. Moreover, their long-wavelength characteristics facilitate the development of millimeter-level pixel sizes. Therefore, the root mean square size of the maximum spot was 0.329 mm, which corrected the aberration to less than 1 mm (smaller than the pixel size). Further, a lighting analysis at 3 and 6 m locations confirmed the expansion of the lighting area by the magnification of the sensor size. After turning off certain light sources, we checked the contrast ratio via lighting analysis and confirmed that the size of one pixel was clearly distinguishable. Consequently, this newly designed optical system performed appropriately as an optical inspection system for THz system applications.