Tunable Plasmonic Resonance Sensor Using a Metamaterial Film in a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Measurements
<p>D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with a metamaterial layer. (<b>a</b>) Cross section of the sensor with total diameter <span class="html-italic">D</span> = 24 µm and <span class="html-italic">Λ</span> = 2 µm. The diameter <span class="html-italic">d</span> of each air hole was obtained from the ratio <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">Λ</span> = 0.88. The outermost layer that encloses the entire domain corresponds to a 0.1 D-thick PML. (<b>b</b>) A closer view of the orientation of the silver nanowires in the metamaterial layer with respect to the flat face of the D-shaped PCF. (<b>c</b>) A perspective view of the metamaterial layer deposited on the top of the flat face of the PCF. The layer is 10 µm width and 40 nm thick.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Dispersion curve of the fundamental fiber mode and SPP modes for a refractive index <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.33</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>. Y-<sub>pol</sub> is the perpendicular polarization to the metamaterial film. The insets show the intersections between the dispersion curve of the fundamental Y-<sub>pol</sub> fiber mode and the plasmonic mode at the metamaterial interface.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Confinement loss spectra for different analyte refractive indexes for the D-shaped fiber with a metamaterial with filling factor <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Distribution of the Y-polarized electric field intensity at the SPR wavelength <span class="html-italic">λ<sub>p</sub></span> for three different silver volume fractions: (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> at <span class="html-italic">λ<sub>p</sub></span> = 485 nm, (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.5</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> at <span class="html-italic">λ<sub>p</sub></span> = 500 nm, and (<b>c</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.7</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> at <span class="html-italic">λ<sub>p</sub></span> = 514 nm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Confinement loss spectra for different filing factors and a constant refractive index of the analyte, <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.33</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Variations of the SPR wavelength with the refractive index of the analyte obtained for volume fractions of silver in the metamaterial: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">f</span> = 0.3 and (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">f</span> = 0.7.</p> "> Figure 6 Cont.
<p>Variations of the SPR wavelength with the refractive index of the analyte obtained for volume fractions of silver in the metamaterial: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">f</span> = 0.3 and (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">f</span> = 0.7.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) SPR spectra tuned according to the filling factor of silver in the metamaterial layer obtained for an analyte with refractive index <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.33</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>. (<b>b</b>) Sensitivity estimated for different filling factors.</p> "> Figure 7 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) SPR spectra tuned according to the filling factor of silver in the metamaterial layer obtained for an analyte with refractive index <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.33</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>. (<b>b</b>) Sensitivity estimated for different filling factors.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design and Model
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cardoso, M.P.; Silva, A.O.; Romeiro, A.F.; Giraldi, M.T.R.; Costa, J.C.W.A.; Santos, J.L.; Baptista, J.M.; Guerreiro, A. Tunable Plasmonic Resonance Sensor Using a Metamaterial Film in a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Measurements. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042153
Cardoso MP, Silva AO, Romeiro AF, Giraldi MTR, Costa JCWA, Santos JL, Baptista JM, Guerreiro A. Tunable Plasmonic Resonance Sensor Using a Metamaterial Film in a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Measurements. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(4):2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042153
Chicago/Turabian StyleCardoso, Markos Paulo, Anderson O. Silva, Amanda F. Romeiro, Maria Thereza R. Giraldi, João C. W. Albuquerque Costa, José L. Santos, José M. Baptista, and Ariel Guerreiro. 2022. "Tunable Plasmonic Resonance Sensor Using a Metamaterial Film in a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Measurements" Applied Sciences 12, no. 4: 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042153