Open Access

ARTICLE

A Robust 3-D Medical Watermarking Based on Wavelet Transform for Data Protection

Xiaorui Zhang^1,3,*, Wenfang Zhang¹, Wei Sun², Xingming Sun¹, Sunil Kumar Jha⁴

1 Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
2 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
3 Wuxi Research Institute, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Wuxi, 214100, China
4 IT Fundamentals and Education Technologies Applications, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Voivodeship, 100031, Poland

* Corresponding Author: Xiaorui Zhang. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2022, 41(3), 1043-1056. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2022.022305

Received 03 August 2021; Accepted 13 September 2021; Issue published 10 November 2021

Abstract

In a telemedicine diagnosis system, the emergence of 3D imaging enables doctors to make clearer judgments, and its accuracy also directly affects doctors’ diagnosis of the disease. In order to ensure the safe transmission and storage of medical data, a 3D medical watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm employs the principal component analysis (PCA) transform to reduce the data dimension, which can minimize the error between the extracted components and the original data in the mean square sense. Especially, this algorithm helps to create a bacterial foraging model based on particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO), by which the optimal wavelet coefficient is found for embedding and is used as the absolute feature of watermark embedding, thereby achieving the optimal balance between embedding capacity and imperceptibility. A series of experimental results from MATLAB software based on the standard MRI brain volume dataset demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and make the 3D model have small deformation after embedding the watermark.

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Citations