Article

Explaining effects of eye gaze on mediated group conversations:: amount or synchronization?

Authors:

Roel Vertegaal,

Yaping DingAuthors Info & Claims

CSCW '02: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work

Pages 41 - 48

https://doi.org/10.1145/587078.587085

Published: 16 November 2002 Publication History

Abstract

We present an experiment examining effects of gaze on speech during three-person conversations. Understanding such effects is crucial for the design of teleconferencing systems and Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs). Previous findings suggest subjects take more turns when they experience more gaze. We evaluated whether this is because more gaze allowed them to better observe whether they were being addressed. We compared speaking behavior between two conditions: (1) in which subjects experienced gaze synchronized with conversational attention, and (2) in which subjects experienced random gaze. The amount of gaze experienced by subjects was a covariate. Results show subjects were 22% more likely to speak when gaze behavior was synchronized with conversational attention. However, covariance analysis showed these results were due to differences in amount of gaze rather than synchronization of gaze, with correlations of .62 between amount of gaze and amount of subject speech. Task performance was 46% higher when gaze was synchronized. We conclude it is commendable to use synchronized gaze models when designing CVEs, but depending on task situation, random models generating sufficient amounts of gaze may suffice.

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Cited By

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3660343
Tepencelik OWei WCosman PDey S(2024)Body and Head Orientation Estimation From Low-Resolution Point Clouds in Surveillance SettingsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.346919712(141460-141475)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469197
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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CSCW '02: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work

November 2002

396 pages

ISBN:1581135602

DOI:10.1145/587078

Conference Chairs:
Elizabeth F. Churchill
FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA
,
Joe McCarthy
Intel Research, Seattle, USA
,
Program Chairs:
Christine Neuwirth
Carnegie Mellon University, USA
,
Tom Rodden
University of Nottingham, UK

Copyright © 2002 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 16 November 2002

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November 16 - 20, 2002

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CSCW '02 Paper Acceptance Rate 39 of 193 submissions, 20%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 2,235 of 8,521 submissions, 26%

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Cited By

Schuessler MHormann LDachselt RBlake ARother C(2024)Gazing Heads: Investigating Gaze Perception in Video-Mediated CommunicationACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/366034331:3(1-31)Online publication date: 11-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3660343
Tepencelik OWei WCosman PDey S(2024)Body and Head Orientation Estimation From Low-Resolution Point Clouds in Surveillance SettingsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.346919712(141460-141475)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3469197
Yang CMatsumoto KYu SSawada LArakawa KYamada DKuzuoka H(2023)Understanding the effect of a virtual moderator on people’s perception in remote discussion using social VRFrontiers in Virtual Reality10.3389/frvir.2023.11980244Online publication date: 18-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1198024
Jayasundara JGilbert TKersten SMeng L(2023)Why should I switch on my camera? Developing the cognitive skills of compassionate communications for online group/teamwork managementFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2023.111309814Online publication date: 4-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113098
Çakır MHuckauf A(2023)Reviewing the Social Function of Eye Gaze in Social InteractionProceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3588015.3589513(1-3)Online publication date: 30-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588015.3589513
Miller MDeVeaux CHan ERam NBailenson J(2023)A Large-Scale Study of Proxemics and Gaze in Groups2023 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR55154.2023.00056(409-417)Online publication date: Mar-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR55154.2023.00056
Jayasundara JGilbert TKersten SMeng L(2022)How UK HE STEM Students Were Motivated to Switch Their Cameras on: A Study of the Development of Compassionate Communications in Task-focused Online Group MeetingsEducation Sciences10.3390/educsci1205031712:5(317)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050317
Plopski AHirzle TNorouzi NQian LBruder GLanglotz T(2022)The Eye in Extended Reality: A Survey on Gaze Interaction and Eye Tracking in Head-worn Extended RealityACM Computing Surveys10.1145/349120755:3(1-39)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491207
Hoppe Avan de Camp FStiefelhagen R(2021)ShiShaProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/34329504:CSCW3(1-22)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3432950
Almusharraf NBailey D(2021) Online engagement during COVID ‐19: Role of agency on collaborative learning orientation and learning expectations Journal of Computer Assisted Learning10.1111/jcal.1256937:5(1285-1295)Online publication date: 28-May-2021
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