Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3538969.3544460acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesaresConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Botnet Detection in the Internet of Things through All-in-one Deep Autoencoding

Published: 23 August 2022 Publication History

Abstract

In the past years Internet of Things (IoT) has received increasing attention by academia and industry due to the potential use in several human activities; however, IoT devices are vulnerable to various types of attacks. Many existing intrusion detection proposals in the IoT leverage complex machine learning architectures, which may provide one separate model per device or per attack. These solutions are not suited to the dynamicity and scale of modern IoT environments. This paper proposes an initial analysis of the problem in the context of deep autoencoders and the detection of botnet attacks. Our findings, obtained by means of the N-BaIoT dataset, indicate that it is relatively easy to achieve impressive detection results by training-testing separate and minimal deep autoenconders on the top of the data individual IoT devices. More important, our all-in-one deep autoencoding proposal, which consists in training a single model with the benign traffic collected from different IoT devices, allows to preserve the overall detection performance obtained through separate autoencoders. The all-in-one model can pave the way for more scalable intrusion detection solutions in the context of IoT.

References

[1]
A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash. 2015. Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 17, 4 (2015), 2347–2376.
[2]
M. Almiani, A. AbuGhazleh, A. Al-Rahayfeh, S. Atiewi, and A. Razaque. 2020. Deep recurrent neural network for IoT intrusion detection system. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 101 (2020), 102031.
[3]
M. H. Bhuyan, D. K. Bhattacharyya, and J. K. Kalita. 2014. Network Anomaly Detection: Methods, Systems and Tools. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 16, 1 (2014), 303–336.
[4]
M. Catillo, A. Del Vecchio, A. Pecchia, and U. Villano. 2022. Transferability of machine learning models learned from public intrusion detection datasets: the CICIDS2017 case study. Software Quality Journal(2022).
[5]
M. Catillo, A. Pecchia, M. Rak, and U. Villano. 2021. Demystifying the role of public intrusion datasets: A replication study of DoS network traffic data. Computers & Security 108 (2021), 102341.
[6]
M. Catillo, A. Pecchia, and U. Villano. 2022. AutoLog: Anomaly detection by deep autoencoding of system logs. Expert Systems with Applications 191 (2022), 116263.
[7]
M. Catillo, A. Pecchia, and U. Villano. 2022. No more DoS? An empirical study on defense techniques for web server Denial of Service mitigation. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 202 (2022), 103363.
[8]
V. Chandola, A. Banerjee, and V. Kumar. 2009. Anomaly Detection: A Survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 41, 3, Article 15 (2009).
[9]
G. De La Torre Parra, P. Rad, K. R. Choo, and N. Beebe. 2020. Detecting Internet of Things attacks using distributed deep learning. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 163 (2020), 102662.
[10]
M. Ge, N. F. Syed, X. Fu, Z. Baig, and A. Robles-Kelly. 2021. Towards a deep learning-driven intrusion detection approach for Internet of Things. Computer Networks 186(2021), 107784.
[11]
C. Kolias, G. Kambourakis, A. Stavrou, and J. Voas. 2017. DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and Other Botnets. Computer 50, 7 (2017), 80–84.
[12]
M. Lopez-Martin, B. Carro, A. Sanchez-Esguevillas, and J. Lloret. 2017. Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Prediction and Feature Recovery Applied to Intrusion Detection in IoT. Sensors 17, 9 (2017), 1967.
[13]
Y. Meidan, M. Bohadana, Y. Mathov, Y. Mirsky, A. Shabtai, D. Breitenbacher, and Y. Elovici. 2018. N-BaIoT-Network-Based Detection of IoT Botnet Attacks Using Deep Autoencoders. IEEE Pervasive Computing 17, 3 (2018), 12–22.
[14]
Y. Mirsky, T. Doitshman, Y. Elovici, and A. Shabtai. 2018. Kitsune: An Ensemble of Autoencoders for Online Network Intrusion Detection. In Proc. Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. USENIX.
[15]
G. Pang, C. Shen, L. Cao, and A. V. D. Hengel. 2021. Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection: A Review. ACM Comput. Surv. 54, 2, Article 38 (2021).
[16]
D Preuveneers, V. Rimmer, I. Tsingenopoulos, J. Spooren, W. Joosen, and E. Ilie-Zudor. 2018. Chained Anomaly Detection Models for Federated Learning: An Intrusion Detection Case Study. Applied Sciences 8, 12 (2018), 2663.
[17]
I. Ullah and Q. H. Mahmoud. 2020. A Scheme for Generating a Dataset for Anomalous Activity Detection in IoT Networks. In Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Cyril Goutte and Xiaodan Zhu (Eds.). Springer, 508–520.
[18]
P. Vincent, H. Larochelle, I. Lajoie, Y. Bengio, and P. A. Manzagol. 2010. Stacked Denoising Autoencoders: Learning Useful Representations in a Deep Network with a Local Denoising Criterion. Journal of Machine Learning Research 11 (2010), 3371–3408.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence Methods for Users’ Physical and Environmental Security: A Comprehensive ReviewApplied Sciences10.3390/app13211206813:21(12068)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2023
  • (2023)A Deep Learning Method for Lightweight and Cross-Device IoT Botnet DetectionApplied Sciences10.3390/app1302083713:2(837)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2023
  • (2023)IoT Security: A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Intrusion Detection and Prevention2023 International Conference on Evolutionary Algorithms and Soft Computing Techniques (EASCT)10.1109/EASCT59475.2023.10392490(1-7)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Botnet Detection in the Internet of Things through All-in-one Deep Autoencoding

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    ARES '22: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
    August 2022
    1371 pages
    ISBN:9781450396707
    DOI:10.1145/3538969
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 23 August 2022

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. IoT
    2. anomaly detection
    3. autoencoder
    4. botnet
    5. deep learning

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    ARES 2022

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 228 of 451 submissions, 51%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)336
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)49
    Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2023)Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence Methods for Users’ Physical and Environmental Security: A Comprehensive ReviewApplied Sciences10.3390/app13211206813:21(12068)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2023
    • (2023)A Deep Learning Method for Lightweight and Cross-Device IoT Botnet DetectionApplied Sciences10.3390/app1302083713:2(837)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2023
    • (2023)IoT Security: A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Intrusion Detection and Prevention2023 International Conference on Evolutionary Algorithms and Soft Computing Techniques (EASCT)10.1109/EASCT59475.2023.10392490(1-7)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2023
    • (2023)Traditional vs Federated Learning with Deep Autoencoders: a Study in IoT Intrusion Detection2023 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)10.1109/CloudCom59040.2023.00042(208-215)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2023
    • (2023)AutoBots: A Botnet Intrusion Detection Scheme Using Deep AutoencodersProceedings of Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security10.1007/978-981-99-1479-1_64(873-886)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2023
    • (2023)Autoencoder-Based Botnet Detection for Enhanced IoT SecuritySustainable Development through Machine Learning, AI and IoT10.1007/978-3-031-47055-4_14(162-175)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2023

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Login options

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media