The Technique of Automated Biomechanical Analysis of Weightlifting Exercises in the Conditions of Training Activity: Biomechanical Analysis of Weightlifting Exercises

A study of biomechanics of weightlifters’ movement when performing competitive exercises with the simultaneous identification of neuromuscular processes in working muscles is relevant for defining the most effective and ergonomic parameters of the manner of performing, allowing to improve the athletic performance. A study, which identifies dynamics of muscles’ electric activity and power-based features in different phases of weightlifting exercises, is also of great importance. This study presents the developed technique of automated biomechanical control over the manner of performing weightlifting exercises, including the evaluation of kinematic, dynamic, stabilographic and electromyographic features. The research was carried out using the Biotechnologies Motion System (Biotechnologies Bioengineering, Italy). The digital electrooptic measuring system SMART (Biotechnologies S.p.A., Milan, Italy) was used for testing, high precision synchronous recording and processing of kinematic, dynamic, electromyographic and visual data to analyze and control technical and physical fitness of weightlifters when performing weightlifting exercises. With the help of developed computer programs (certificates: RU 2020660142 from 28.08.2020 and RU 2020660143 from 28.08.2020), the study was carried out on the manner of performing weightlifting exercises (clean and jerk, snatch) of 45 masters of sports in weightlifting. Sex-related features of the manner of performing and differences in biomechanical parameters in athletes of various weight categories were also identified. Graphs of the barbell movement trajectory on the X- and Y-axis (the cyclogram), the graph of changes in the reaction force of the right and left support in different movement phases, the graph of changes in the barbell vertical velocity over time, the graph of changes in the barbell vertical power, electromyography of muscles when performing the weightlifting snatch were presented in final protocols. Same graphs are also presented in the protocol of testing the weightlifting clean and jerk, including graphs of hip, knee and ankle joints’ flexion over time. As a result, we developed the technique of automated express control over performing weightlifting exercises. The biomechanical study, conducted using this technique, allowed identifying sex-based features and differences in athletes of different weight categories. Model characteristics of the more ergonomic technique for athletes of different sex and weight categories were also developed.