research-article

Into the Unknown: Exploration of Search Engines’ Responses to Users with Depression and Anxiety

Authors:

Maria Soledad PeraAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on the Web, Volume 17, Issue 4

Article No.: 25, Pages 1 - 29

https://doi.org/10.1145/3580283

Published: 11 July 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Researchers worldwide have explored the behavioral nuances that emerge from interactions of individuals afflicted by mental health disorders (MHD) with persuasive technologies, mainly social media. Yet, there is a gap in the analysis pertaining to a persuasive technology that is part of their everyday lives: web search engines (SE). Each day, users with MHD embark on information seeking journeys using popular SE, like Google or Bing. Every step of the search process for better or worse has the potential to influence a searcher’s mindset. In this work, we empirically investigate what subliminal stimulus SE present to these vulnerable individuals during their searches. For this, we use synthetic queries to produce associated query suggestions and search engine results pages. Then we infer the subliminal stimulus present in text from SE, i.e., query suggestions, snippets, and web resources. Findings from our empirical analysis reveal that the subliminal stimulus displayed by SE at different stages of the information seeking process differ between MHD searchers and our control group composed of “average” SE users. Outcomes from this work showcase open problems related to query suggestions, search engine result pages, and ranking that the information retrieval community needs to address so that SE can better support individuals with MHD.

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Cited By

Ekstrand MBeattie LPera MCramer H(2024)Not Just Algorithms: Strategically Addressing Consumer Impacts in Information RetrievalAdvances in Information Retrieval10.1007/978-3-031-56066-8_25(314-335)Online publication date: 24-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-56066-8_25
Pera MCena FLandoni MMusto CStarke A(2024)Human Factors in User Modeling for Intelligent SystemsA Human-Centered Perspective of Intelligent Personalized Environments and Systems10.1007/978-3-031-55109-3_1(3-42)Online publication date: 1-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55109-3_1

Index Terms

Into the Unknown: Exploration of Search Engines’ Responses to Users with Depression and Anxiety
1. Information systems
  1. Information retrieval
    1. Retrieval tasks and goals
      1. Sentiment analysis
  2. World Wide Web
    1. Web searching and information discovery
2. Social and professional topics
  1. User characteristics

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cover image ACM Transactions on the Web

ACM Transactions on the Web Volume 17, Issue 4

November 2023

331 pages

ISSN:1559-1131

EISSN:1559-114X

DOI:10.1145/3608910

Editor:
Ryen White
Microsoft Research, USA

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Publication History

Published: 11 July 2023

Online AM: 18 January 2023

Accepted: 09 January 2023

Revised: 31 October 2022

Received: 08 June 2022

Published in TWEB Volume 17, Issue 4

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Cited By

Ekstrand MBeattie LPera MCramer H(2024)Not Just Algorithms: Strategically Addressing Consumer Impacts in Information RetrievalAdvances in Information Retrieval10.1007/978-3-031-56066-8_25(314-335)Online publication date: 24-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-56066-8_25
Pera MCena FLandoni MMusto CStarke A(2024)Human Factors in User Modeling for Intelligent SystemsA Human-Centered Perspective of Intelligent Personalized Environments and Systems10.1007/978-3-031-55109-3_1(3-42)Online publication date: 1-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55109-3_1

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