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Covert Channels in One-Time Passwords Based on Hash Chains

Published: 12 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

We present a covert channel between two network devices where one authenticates itself with Lamport's one-time passwords based on a cryptographic hash function. Our channel enables plausible deniability. We also present countermeasures to detect the presence of such a covert channel, which are non-trivial because hash values are randomly looking binary strings, so that deviations are not likely to be detected.

References

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C. Abad. 2001. IP Checksum Covert Channels and Selected Hash Collision. Technical Report. Univ. of California, Los Angeles.
[2]
R. Anderson, R. Needham, and A. Shamir. 1998. The steganographic file system. In International Workshop on Information Hiding. Springer, 73--82.
[3]
T. E. Calhoun Jr, X. Cao, et al. 2012. An 802.11 MAC layer covert channel. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 12, 5 (2012), 393--405.
[4]
S. Craver, E. Li, and J. Yu. 2009. Protocols for data hiding in pseudo-random state. In Media Forensics and Security, Vol. 7254.
[5]
N. Haller. 1995. The S/KEY One-Time Password System. RFC 1760. RFC Editor. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1760.txt
[6]
L. Lamport. 1981. Password authentication with insecure communication. Commun. ACM 24, 11 (1981), 770--772. https://doi.org/10.1145/358790.358797
[7]
B. W. Lampson. 1973. A Note on the Confinement Problem. Commun. ACM 16, 10 (Oct. 1973), 613--615. https://doi.org/10.1145/362375.362389
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A.J. Menezes, P. C. van Oorschot, and S. A. Vanstone. 1996. Handbook of Applied Cryptography. CRC Press.
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A. Perrig, R. Canetti, et al. 2002. The TESLA Broadcast Authentication Protocol. CryptoBytes 5, 2 (2002), 2--13.
[10]
S. Wendzel, S. Zander, et al. 2015. Pattern-Based Survey and Categorization of Network Covert Channel Techniques. Computing Surveys 47, 3 (2015).

Cited By

View all
  • (2022)Challenging Channels: Encrypted Covert Channels within Challenge-Response AuthenticationProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security10.1145/3538969.3544455(1-10)Online publication date: 23-Aug-2022
  • (2022)CovertSYS: A systematic covert communication approach for providing secure end-to-end conversation via social networksJournal of Information Security and Applications10.1016/j.jisa.2022.10336871(103368)Online publication date: Dec-2022
  • (2021)Hunting Shadows: Towards Packet Runtime-based Detection Of Computational Intensive Reversible Covert ChannelsProceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security10.1145/3465481.3470085(1-10)Online publication date: 17-Aug-2021

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Published In

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EICC '20: Proceedings of the 2020 European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference
November 2020
72 pages
ISBN:9781450375993
DOI:10.1145/3424954
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 12 January 2021

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Author Tags

  1. Covert Channel
  2. Cryptographic Hash Function
  3. Hash Chain
  4. Plausible Deniability
  5. Steganography

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Cited By

View all
  • (2022)Challenging Channels: Encrypted Covert Channels within Challenge-Response AuthenticationProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security10.1145/3538969.3544455(1-10)Online publication date: 23-Aug-2022
  • (2022)CovertSYS: A systematic covert communication approach for providing secure end-to-end conversation via social networksJournal of Information Security and Applications10.1016/j.jisa.2022.10336871(103368)Online publication date: Dec-2022
  • (2021)Hunting Shadows: Towards Packet Runtime-based Detection Of Computational Intensive Reversible Covert ChannelsProceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security10.1145/3465481.3470085(1-10)Online publication date: 17-Aug-2021

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