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Comparing users' perception of different chatbot interaction paradigms: a case study

Published: 23 December 2020 Publication History

Abstract

In this work, we used the results of applying the Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM) to popular chatbots[12, 13], which yielded eleven strategies for conveying features to users, as well as six sign classes used for designing their interaction. We conducted user studies comparing two prototype chatbots with same features and different approaches to interaction: one using Natural Language Processing, and other using the sign classes and strategies to guide the user interaction. After that, we interviewed the participants, asking about their preferred aspects of each chatbot and their opinions regarding some of these aspects, and, later, analyzed the results. These point to the effectiveness of the strategies and sign classes. Then, we discuss users' perceptions of different ways of interacting with chatbots and their communicative strategies.

References

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Daniel G. Bobrow. 1964. Natural Language Input for a Computer Problem Solving System. Technical Report. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
[2]
Heloisa Candello and Claudio Pinhanez. 2016. Designing Conversational Interfaces. In Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais - IHC 2016 (15th ed.). Vol. C - Livro dos Tutoriais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
[3]
Heloisa Candello, Claudio Pinhanez, and Flavio Figueiredo. 2017. Typefaces and the Perception of Humanness in Natural Language Chatbots. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3476--3487.
[4]
Clarisse S. de Souza. 2005. The Semiotic Engineering of Human-computer Interaction. MIT Press.
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Thiago Carvalho D'Ávila. 2018. Kino: an approach for rule-based chatbot development, monitoring and evaluation. Master's thesis. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Mohit Jain, Pratyush Kumar, Ramachandra Kota, and Shwetak N. Patel. 2018. Evaluating and Informing the Design of Chatbots. In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
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Jiepu Jiang, Ahmed H. Awadallah, Rosie Jones, Umut Ozertem, Imed Zitouni, Ranjitha G. Kulkarni, and Omar Z. Khan. 2015. Automatic Online Evaluation of Intelligent Assistants. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 506--516.
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Michael McTear, Zoraida Callejas, and David Griol. 2016. Evaluating the Conversational Interface. In The Conversational Interface. Springer International Publishing, 379--402.
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Michael F. McTear. 2017. The Rise of the Conversational Interface: A New Kid on the Block?. In Future and Emerging Trends in Language Technology. Machine Learning and Big Data (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), José F Quesada, Francisco-Jesús Martín Mateos, and Teresa López Soto (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, 38--49.
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Raquel Prates, Clarisse de Souza, and Simone Barbosa. 2000. A method for evaluating the communicability of user interfaces. Interactions 7 (01 2000), 31--38.
[11]
Francisco A. M. Valério. 2020. Chatbots and Communication: A Qualitative Analysis of Communicative Aspects of Conversational Interfaces. Master's thesis. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
[12]
Francisco A. M. Valério, Tatiane G. Guimarães, Raquel O. Prates, and Heloisa Candello. 2017. Here's What I Can Do: Chatbots' Strategies to Convey Their Features to Users. In Proceedings of the 16th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computer Systems (IHC '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
[13]
Francisco A. M. Valério, Tatiane G. Guimarães, Raquel O. Prates, and Heloisa Candello. 2018. Chatbots Explain Themselves: Designers' Strategies for Conveying Chatbot Features to Users. SBC Journal on Interactive Systems 9, 3 (Dec. 2018), 61--79. https://seer.ufrgs.br/jis/article/view/80272
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Joseph Weizenbaum. 1966. ELIZA --- A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Commun. ACM 9, 1 (Jan. 1966), 36--45.

Cited By

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  • (2024)How Interaction Mechanism and Error Responses Influence Users’ Responses to Customer Service ChatbotsInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2024.2351707(1-19)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
  • (2024)Research on User Experience Design of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Medical Consultation SystemHuman-Computer Interaction10.1007/978-3-031-60428-7_17(236-252)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2024
  • (2023)Chatbots and Flipped Learning: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes through Personalised Support and CollaborationIJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research10.46245/ijorer.v4i2.3314:2(223-238)Online publication date: 31-Mar-2023
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cover image ACM Other conferences
IHC '20: Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
October 2020
519 pages
ISBN:9781450381727
DOI:10.1145/3424953
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Publication History

Published: 23 December 2020

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Author Tags

  1. chatbots
  2. conversational interfaces
  3. human-computer interaction
  4. semiotic engineering
  5. user studies

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IHC '20

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IHC '20 Paper Acceptance Rate 60 of 155 submissions, 39%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 331 of 973 submissions, 34%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)How Interaction Mechanism and Error Responses Influence Users’ Responses to Customer Service ChatbotsInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2024.2351707(1-19)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
  • (2024)Research on User Experience Design of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Medical Consultation SystemHuman-Computer Interaction10.1007/978-3-031-60428-7_17(236-252)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2024
  • (2023)Chatbots and Flipped Learning: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes through Personalised Support and CollaborationIJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research10.46245/ijorer.v4i2.3314:2(223-238)Online publication date: 31-Mar-2023
  • (2023)Developing Misinformation Immunity in a Post-Truth World: Human Computer Interaction for Data LiteracyTruth Claims Across Media10.1007/978-3-031-42064-1_11(245-271)Online publication date: 21-Dec-2023
  • (2021)Building game-playing chatbots using IBM watson assistantProceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering10.5555/3507788.3507840(282-283)Online publication date: 22-Nov-2021

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