research-article

Deploying Multi-tenant FPGAs within Linux-based Cloud Infrastructure

Authors:

Joel Mandebi Mbongue,

Danielle Tchuinkou Kwadjo,

Christophe BobdaAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS), Volume 15, Issue 2

Article No.: 19, Pages 1 - 31

https://doi.org/10.1145/3474058

Published: 01 December 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Cloud deployments now increasingly exploit Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerators as part of virtual instances. While cloud FPGAs are still essentially single-tenant, the growing demand for efficient hardware acceleration paves the way to FPGA multi-tenancy. It then becomes necessary to explore architectures, design flows, and resource management features that aim at exposing multi-tenant FPGAs to the cloud users. In this article, we discuss a hardware/software architecture that supports provisioning space-shared FPGAs in Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) clouds. The proposed hardware/software architecture introduces an FPGA organization that improves hardware consolidation and support hardware elasticity with minimal data movement overhead. It also relies on VirtIO to decrease communication latency between hardware and software domains. Prototyping the proposed architecture with a Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA demonstrated near specification maximum frequency for on-chip data movement and high throughput in virtual instance access to hardware accelerators. We demonstrate similar performance compared to single-tenant deployment while increasing FPGA utilization, which is one of the goals of virtualization. Overall, our FPGA design achieved about 2× higher maximum frequency than the state of the art and a bandwidth reaching up to 28 Gbps on 32-bit data width.

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Cited By

Madabhushi BKundu SHolcomb D(2024)Memory Scraping Attack on Xilinx FPGAs: Private Data Extraction from Terminated Processes2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546527(1-6)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546527
Zhang ZMadabhushi BKundu STessier R(2024)Security Risks Due to Data Persistence in Cloud FPGA Platforms2024 IEEE 67th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)10.1109/MWSCAS60917.2024.10658894(1398-1402)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS60917.2024.10658894
Bandara SSanaullah ATahir ZDrepper UHerbordt M(2024)Performance Evaluation of VirtIO Device Drivers for Host-FPGA PCIe Communication2024 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00043(169-176)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00043
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Deploying Multi-tenant FPGAs within Linux-based Cloud Infrastructure
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Architectures
    1. Distributed architectures
      1. Cloud computing
2. Hardware
  1. Integrated circuits
    1. Reconfigurable logic and FPGAs
  2. Very large scale integration design
    1. Design reuse and communication-based design
      1. Network on chip
    2. On-chip resource management

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cover image ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems

ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems Volume 15, Issue 2

June 2022

310 pages

ISSN:1936-7406

EISSN:1936-7414

DOI:10.1145/3501287

Editor:
Deming Chen
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Urbana, USA

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Publication History

Published: 01 December 2021

Accepted: 01 July 2021

Revised: 01 May 2021

Received: 01 January 2021

Published in TRETS Volume 15, Issue 2

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Cited By

Madabhushi BKundu SHolcomb D(2024)Memory Scraping Attack on Xilinx FPGAs: Private Data Extraction from Terminated Processes2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546527(1-6)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546527
Zhang ZMadabhushi BKundu STessier R(2024)Security Risks Due to Data Persistence in Cloud FPGA Platforms2024 IEEE 67th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)10.1109/MWSCAS60917.2024.10658894(1398-1402)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS60917.2024.10658894
Bandara SSanaullah ATahir ZDrepper UHerbordt M(2024)Performance Evaluation of VirtIO Device Drivers for Host-FPGA PCIe Communication2024 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00043(169-176)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00043
Mahmoud DShokry BLenders VHu WStojilović M(2024)X-Attack 2.0: The Risk of Power Wasters and Satisfiability Don’t-Care Hardware Trojans to Shared Cloud FPGAsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.335313412(8983-9011)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3353134
Stojilović MRasmussen KRegazzoni FTahoori MTessier R(2023)A Visionary Look at the Security of Reconfigurable Cloud ComputingProceedings of the IEEE10.1109/JPROC.2023.3330729111:12(1548-1571)Online publication date: Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3330729
Panoff MAhmed MWang HWang SBobda C(2023)A Tenant Side Compilation Solution for Cloud FPGA Deployment2023 International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (ICFPT)10.1109/ICFPT59805.2023.00007(16-25)Online publication date: 12-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFPT59805.2023.00007
Glamočanin OShrivastava SYao JArdo NPayer MStojilović M(2023)Instruction-Level Power Side-Channel Leakage Evaluation of Soft-Core CPUs on Shared FPGAsJournal of Hardware and Systems Security10.1007/s41635-023-00135-17:2-3(72-99)Online publication date: 4-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41635-023-00135-1
Nasiri HDarjani AKavand NGoudarzi M(2023)H-Storm: A Hybrid CPU-FPGA Architecture to Accelerate Apache StormJournal of Grid Computing10.1007/s10723-023-09692-921:4Online publication date: 7-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10723-023-09692-9
Bobda CMbongue JChow PEwais MTarafdar NVega JEguro KKoch DHandagala SLeeser MHerbordt MShahzad HHofste PRinglein BSzefer JSanaullah ATessier R(2022)The Future of FPGA Acceleration in Datacenters and the CloudACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems10.1145/350671315:3(1-42)Online publication date: 4-Feb-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3506713
Bandara SSanaullah ATahir ZDrepper UHerbordt M(2022)Enabling VirtIO Driver Support on FPGAs2022 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Heterogeneous High-performance Reconfigurable Computing (H2RC)10.1109/H2RC56700.2022.00006(1-8)Online publication date: Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/H2RC56700.2022.00006

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