research-article

Research and Application of Blockchain Technology in Smart Grid

Authors:

Yueming LuAuthors Info & Claims

CIAT 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyberspace Innovation of Advanced Technologies

Pages 535 - 542

https://doi.org/10.1145/3444370.3444624

Published: 04 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Smart grid, as a new paradigm of the traditional grid, was proposed to find an effective way to integrate green and renewable energy technologies. In this model, the Internet-connected smart grid is also known as the Internet of Energy, which is also an innovative method to ensure the sharing of energy data anytime and anywhere, and ultimately build a sustainable society. However, integrating and coordinating the large and growing number of connections is a challenging problem for the traditional centralized grid system. Therefore, the smart grid architecture is changing from the centralized structure to the decentralized structure. Besides, due to its excellent characteristics, blockchain technology has been widely used in various scenarios of Smart Grid. Therefore, this article aims to review the research and application of blockchain technology in smart grid industry. Firstly, we identify the major security challenges in smart grid scenarios that the blockchain can deal with. Then, we introduce some of the latest research work based on blockchain and propose security issues in the field of smart grid in different works of literature. Finally, we discuss the main research challenges and future research directions for applying blockchain to smart grid.

References

[1]

Rehmani M H, Reisslein M, Rachedi A, Erol-Kantarci M, and Radenkovic M. Integrating Renewable Energy Resources into the Smart Grid: Recent Developments in Information and Communication Technologies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(7): 2814--2825.

[2]

Al-Turjman F, and Abujubbeh M. Iot-Enabled Smart Grid Via Sm: An Overview[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2019, 96: 579--590.

Digital Library

[3]

Islam S N, Baig Z, and Zeadally S. Physical Layer Security for the Smart Grid: Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Countermeasures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2019, 15(12): 6522--6530.

[4]

Ghosal A, and Conti M. Key Management Systems for Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure: A Survey[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 2019, 21(3): 2831--2848.

[5]

Kumar P, Lin Y, Bai G, Paverd A, Dong J S, and Martin A. Smart Grid Metering Networks: A Survey on Security, Privacy and Open Research Issues[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 2019, 21(3): 2886--2927.

[6]

Nakamoto S. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System[R]. Manubot, 2019.

[7]

Wood G. Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger[J]. Ethereum project yellow paper, 2014, 151(2014): 1--32.

[8]

Wu J, and Tran N K. Application of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Energy Systems: An Overview[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(9): 3067.

[9]

Musleh A S, Yao G, and Muyeen S. Blockchain Applications in Smart Grid-Review and Frameworks[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 86746--86757.

[10]

Andoni M, Robu V, Flynn D, Abram S, Geach D, Jenkins D, McCallum P, and Peacock A. Blockchain Technology in the Energy Sector: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities[J]. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 100: 143--174.

[11]

Wang N, Zhou X, Lu X, Guan Z, Wu L, Du X, and Guizani M. When Energy Trading Meets Blockchain in Electrical Power System: The State of the Art[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(8): 1561.

[12]

Hassan N U, Yuen C, and Niyato D. Blockchain Technologies for Smart Energy Systems: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Solutions[J]. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2019, 13(4): 106--118.

[13]

Goranović A, Meisel M, Fotiadis L, Wilker S, Treytl A, and Sauter T. Blockchain Applications in Microgrids an Overview of Current Projects and Concepts[C]. IECON 2017-43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, 2017: 6153--6158.

[14]

Ahl A, Yarime M, Tanaka K, and Sagawa D. Review of Blockchain-Based Distributed Energy: Implications for Institutional Development[J]. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 107: 200--211.

[15]

Siano P, De Marco G, Rolán A, and Loia V. A Survey and Evaluation of the Potentials of Distributed Ledger Technology for Peer-to-Peer Transactive Energy Exchanges in Local Energy Markets[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2019, 13(3):3454--3466.

[16]

Troncia M, Galici M, Mureddu M, Ghiani E, and Pilo F. Distributed Ledger Technologies for Peer-to-Peer Local Markets in Distribution Networks[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(17): 3249.

[17]

Merkle R C. A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function[C]. Conference on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques, Springer, 1987: 369--378.

Digital Library

[18]

Szabo N. Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets[J]. EXTROPY: The Journal of Transhumanist Thought, 1996, 18(2).

[19]

Buterin V. A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform[J]. white paper, 2014, 3(37).

[20]

Nguyen C T, Hoang D T, Nguyen D N, Niyato D, Nguyen H T, and Dutkiewicz E. Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanisms for Future Blockchain Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Opportunities[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 85727--85745.

[21]

King S, and Nadal S. Ppcoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Stake[J]. self-published paper, August, 2012, 19: 1.

[22]

Larimer D. Delegated Proof-of-Stake (Dpos)[J]. Bitshare whitepaper, 2014.

[23]

Schuh F, and Larimer D. Bitshares 2.0: General Overview[J]. Available: http://docs.bitshares.org/downloads/bitshares-general.pdf, 2017.

[24]

De Angelis S, Aniello L, Baldoni R, Lombardi F, Margheri A, and Sassone V. Pbft Vs Proof-of-Authority: Applying the Cap Theorem to Permissioned Blockchain[J]. 2018.

[25]

Castro M, and Liskov B. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance[C]. OSDI, 1999: 173--186.

Digital Library

[26]

Gilad Y, Hemo R, Micali S, Vlachos G, and Zeldovich N. Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies[C]. Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 2017: 51--68.

Digital Library

[27]

Ongaro D, and Ousterhout J. In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm[C]. 2014 {USENIX} Annual Technical Conference ({USENIX}{ATC} 14), 2014: 305--319.

Digital Library

[28]

Cachin C, Schubert S, and Vukolić M. Non-Determinism in Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Replication[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:.07351, 2016.

[29]

Buchman E, 'Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains' (2016).

[30]

Kwon J. Tendermint: Consensus without Mining[J]. Draft v. 0.6, fall, 2014, 1(11).

[31]

Schwartz D, Youngs N, and Britto A. The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm[J]. Ripple Labs Inc White Paper, 2014, 5(8).

[32]

Dziembowski S, Faust S, Kolmogorov V, and Pietrzak K. Proofs of Space[C]. Annual Cryptology Conference, Springer, 2015: 585--605.

[33]

Park S, Kwon A, Fuchsbauer G, Gaži P, Alwen J, and Pietrzak K. Spacemint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space[C]. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer, 2018: 480--499.

[34]

Mylrea M, and Gourisetti S N G. Blockchain for Smart Grid Resilience: Exchanging Distributed Energy at Speed, Scale and Security[C]. 2017 Resilience Week (RWS), IEEE, 2017: 18--23.

[35]

Pop C, Cioara T, Antal M, Anghel I, Salomie I, and Bertoncini M. Blockchain Based Decentralized Management of Demand Response Programs in Smart Energy Grids[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(1): 162.

[36]

Gai K, Wu Y, Zhu L, Xu L, and Zhang Y. Permissioned Blockchain and Edge Computing Empowered Privacy-Preserving Smart Grid Networks[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019, 6(5): 7992--8004.

[37]

Tan S, Wang X, and Jiang C. Privacy-Preserving Energy Scheduling for Escos Based on Energy Blockchain Network[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(8): 1530.

[38]

Li Z, Kang J, Yu R, Ye D, Deng Q, and Zhang Y. Consortium Blockchain for Secure Energy Trading in Industrial Internet of Things[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial informatics, 2017, 14(8): 3690--3700.

[39]

Aitzhan N Z, and Svetinovic D. Security and Privacy in Decentralized Energy Trading through Multi-Signatures, Blockchain and Anonymous Messaging Streams[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dependable Secure Computing, 2016, 15(5):840--852.

[40]

Zheng D, Deng K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, and Ma X. Smart Grid Power Trading Based on Consortium Blockchain in Internet of Things[C]. International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer, 2018: 453--459.

[41]

Garg S, Kaur K, Kaddoum G, Gagnon F, and Rodrigues J J. An Efficient Blockchain-Based Hierarchical Authentication Mechanism for Energy Trading in V2g Environment[C]. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, 2019: 1--6.

[42]

Wang S, Taha A F, Wang J, Kvaternik K, and Hahn A. Energy Crowdsourcing and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, Cybernetics: Systems, 2019, 49(8): 1612--1623.

[43]

Maw A, Adepu S, and Mathur A. Ics-Blockops: Blockchain for Operational Data Security in Industrial Control System[J]. Pervasive Mobile Computing, 2019, 59:101048.

[44]

Gao J, Asamoah K O, Sifah E B, Smahi A, Xia Q, Xia H, Zhang X, and Dong G. Gridmonitoring: Secured Sovereign Blockchain Based Monitoring on Smart Grid[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 9917--9925.

[45]

Wan J, Li J, Imran M, and Li D. A Blockchain-Based Solution for Enhancing Security and Privacy in Smart Factory[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2019, 15(6): 3652--3660.

[46]

Su Z, Wang Y, Xu Q, Fei M, Tian Y-C, and Zhang N. A Secure Charging Scheme for Electric Vehicles with Smart Communities in Energy Blockchain[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2018, 6(3): 4601--4613.

[47]

Baza M, Nabil M, Ismail M, Mahmoud M, Serpedin E, and Rahman M A. Blockchain-Based Charging Coordination Mechanism for Smart Grid Energy Storage Units[C]. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), IEEE, 2019: 504--509.

[48]

Huang X, Xu C, Wang P, and Liu H. Lnsc: A Security Model for Electric Vehicle and Charging Pile Management Based on Blockchain Ecosystem[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 13565--13574.

[49]

Münsing E, Mather J, and Moura S. Blockchains for Decentralized Optimization of Energy Resources in Microgrid Networks[C]. 2017 IEEE conference on control technology and applications (CCTA), IEEE, 2017: 2164--2171.

[50]

Danzi P, Angjelichinoski M, Stefanović Č, and Popovski P. Distributed Proportional-Fairness Control in Microgrids Via Blockchain Smart Contracts[C]. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), IEEE, 2017: 45--51.

Cited By

Nepal JYuangyai NGyawali SYuangyai C(2022)Blockchain-Based Smart Renewable Energy: Review of Operational and Transactional ChallengesEnergies10.3390/en1513491115:13(4911)Online publication date: 5-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134911
Colelli RFoglietta CFusacchia RPanzieri SPascucci F(2021)Blockchain application in simulated environment for Cyber-Physical Systems Security2021 IEEE 19th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)10.1109/INDIN45523.2021.9557446(1-7)Online publication date: 21-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN45523.2021.9557446

Index Terms

Research and Application of Blockchain Technology in Smart Grid
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks
    1. Availability

Recommendations

Blockchain Applications in Smart Grid
ACSW '22: Proceedings of the 2022 Australasian Computer Science Week

With the fast growth of the internet industry, particularly information technology, the smart grid concept has been developed. The smart grid is an attempt to enhance and rejuvenate the secondary sector (the traditional power sector). In the ...
A survey of privacy preserving schemes in IoE enabled Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Integration of renewable resources and increased growth in energy consumption has created new challenges for the traditional electrical network. To adhere to these challenges, Internet of Everything (IoE) has transformed the existing power grid into a ...
Blockchain-based IoT device identification and management in 5G smart grid
Abstract
This work investigates the unified coding and identification of smart grid IoT devices, as more and more IoT devices in smart grid need to be managed and controlled. We combine blockchain technology with 5G MEC to realize the connection of massive ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

CIAT 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyberspace Innovation of Advanced Technologies

December 2020

597 pages

ISBN:9781450387828

DOI:10.1145/3444370

Copyright © 2020 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

In-Cooperation

Sun Yat-Sen University
CARLETON UNIVERSITY: INSTITUTE FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Guangdong University of Technology: Guangdong University of Technology
Deakin University

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 04 January 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

CIAT 2020

CIAT 2020: 2020 International Conference on Cyberspace Innovation of Advanced Technologies

December 4 - 6, 2020

Guangzhou, China

Acceptance Rates

CIAT 2020 Paper Acceptance Rate 94 of 232 submissions, 41%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 94 of 232 submissions, 41%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

2
Total Citations
View Citations
149
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)15
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3

Reflects downloads up to 19 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Nepal JYuangyai NGyawali SYuangyai C(2022)Blockchain-Based Smart Renewable Energy: Review of Operational and Transactional ChallengesEnergies10.3390/en1513491115:13(4911)Online publication date: 5-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134911
Colelli RFoglietta CFusacchia RPanzieri SPascucci F(2021)Blockchain application in simulated environment for Cyber-Physical Systems Security2021 IEEE 19th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)10.1109/INDIN45523.2021.9557446(1-7)Online publication date: 21-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN45523.2021.9557446

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents