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Online learning for low-latency adaptive streaming

Published: 27 May 2020 Publication History

Editorial Notes

A corrigendum was issued for this paper on June 16, 2020. You can download the corrigendum from the supplemental material section of this citation page.

Abstract

Achieving low-latency is paramount for live streaming scenarios, that are now-days becoming increasingly popular. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for bitrate adaptation in HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), based on Online Convex Optimization (OCO). The proposed algorithm, named Learn2Adapt-LowLatency (L2A-LL), is shown to provide a robust adaptation strategy which, unlike most of the state-of-the-art techniques, does not require parameter tuning, channel model assumptions, throughput estimation or application-specific adjustments. These properties make it very suitable for users who typically experience fast variations in channel characteristics. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in DASH-IF's reference video player (dash.js) and has been made publicly available for research purposes at [22]. Real experiments show that L2A-LL reduces latency significantly, while providing a high average streaming bit-rate, without impairing the overall Quality of Experience (QoE); a result that is independent of the channel and application scenarios. The presented optimization framework, is robust due to its design principle; its ability to learn and allows for modular QoE prioritization, while it facilitates easy adjustments to consider applications beyond live streaming and/or multiple user classes.

Supplementary Material

p315-karagkioules-corrigendum (p315-karagkioules-corrigendum.pdf)
Corrigendum to "Online learning for low-latency adaptive streaming" by Karagkioules et al., Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys '20).

References

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[n.d.]. dash.js. https://github.com/Dash-Industry-Forum/dash.js
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MMSys 2020. 2020. Grand Challenge on Adaptation Algorithms for Near-Second Latency - Test environment. https://github.com/twitchtv/acm-mmsys-2020-grand-challenge
[3]
Elena Veronica Belmega, Panayotis Mertikopoulos, Romain Negrel, and Luca Sanguinetti. 2018. Online convex optimization and no-regret learning: Algorithms, guarantees and applications. arXiv e-prints (2018).
[4]
Abdelhak Bentaleb, Christian Timmerer, Ali C. Begen, and Roger Zimmermann. 2019. Bandwidth Prediction in Low-Latency Chunked Streaming. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (Amherst, Massachusetts) (NOSSDAV '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 7--13.
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T. Chen, Q. Ling, and G. B. Giannakis. 2017. An Online Convex Optimization Approach to Proactive Network Resource Allocation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 65, 24 (Dec 2017).
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Cisco Visual Networking Index. 2019. Forecast and Trends, 2017--2022. White Paper (Feb. 2019).
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DASH-IF. 2020. DASH-IF Change Request: Live Services DASH-IF Live services. Agreed CR (March 2020).
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ETSI. 2020. ETSI TS 103 285 V1.3.1 (2020-02) DVB-DASH). International Standard TS 103 285 (Feb. 2020).
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Te-Yuan Huang, Ramesh Johari, Nick McKeown, Matthew Trunnell, and Mark Watson. 2014. A Buffer-based Approach to Rate Adaptation: Evidence from a Large Video Streaming Service. In Proc. of ACM Conf. on SIGCOMM.
[10]
ISO/IEC. 2014. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). International Standard 23009-1:2014 (May 2014).
[11]
ISO/IEC. 2018. Common Media Application Format CMAF). International Standard 23000-19:2018 (Jan. 2018).
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T. Karagkioules, C. Concolato, D. Tsilimantos, and S. Valentin. 2017. A Comparative Case Study of HTTP Adaptive Streaming Algorithms in Mobile Networks. In Proc. ACM NOSSDAV. 1--6.
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M. Katsarakis, R. C. Teixeira, M. Papadopouli, and V. Christophides. 2016. Towards a Causal Analysis of Video QoE from Network and Application QoS. In Proc. ACM Internet-QoE. 31--36.
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Z. Li, X. Zhu, J. Gahm, R. Pan, H. Hu, A. C. Begen, and D. Oran. 2014. Probe and Adapt: Rate Adaptation for HTTP Video Streaming At Scale. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communication (April 2014).
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Nikolaos Liakopoulos, Apostolos Destounis, Georgios Paschos, Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos, and Panayotis Mertikopoulos. 2019. Cautious Regret Minimization: Online Optimization with Long-Term Budget Constraints. In Proc. of ICML (Long Beach, CA, USA).
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Nikolaos Liakopoulos, Georgios Paschos, and Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos. 2019. No Regret in Cloud Resources Reservation with Violation Guarantees. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM (Paris, France).
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Michael J. Neely and Hao Yu. 2017. Online Convex Optimization with Time-Varying Constraints. arXiv e-prints (Feb. 2017).
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R. Pantos and W. May. 2018. RFC 8216 HTTP live streaming. IETF, Request for Comments (Aug. 2018).
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M. Seufert, S. Egger, M. Slanina, T. Zinner, T. Hoßfeld, and P. Tran-Gia. 2015. A Survey on Quality of Experience of HTTP Adaptive Streaming. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 17, 1 (Firstquarter 2015).
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Shai Shalev-Shwartz. 2012. Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends on Machine Learning (Feb. 2012).
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K. Spiteri, R. Urgaonkar, and R. K. Sitaraman. 2016. BOLA: Near-optimal bitrate adaptation for online videos. In IEEE INFOCOM.
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Cited By

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  • (2024)COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth UtilizationACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/367737920:10(1-24)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2024
  • (2024)LiteQUIC: Improving QoE of Video Streams by Reducing CPU Overhead of QUICProceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3664647.3681670(7918-7927)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Robust Live Streaming over LEO Satellite Constellations: Measurement, Analysis, and Handover-Aware AdaptationProceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3664647.3680712(5958-5966)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
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cover image ACM Conferences
MMSys '20: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference
May 2020
403 pages
ISBN:9781450368452
DOI:10.1145/3339825
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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Publication History

Published: 27 May 2020

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Author Tags

  1. adaptive video streaming
  2. low latency
  3. online optimization

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MMSys '20
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MMSys '20: 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference
June 8 - 11, 2020
Istanbul, Turkey

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MMSys '20 Paper Acceptance Rate 18 of 55 submissions, 33%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 176 of 530 submissions, 33%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth UtilizationACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/367737920:10(1-24)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2024
  • (2024)LiteQUIC: Improving QoE of Video Streams by Reducing CPU Overhead of QUICProceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3664647.3681670(7918-7927)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Robust Live Streaming over LEO Satellite Constellations: Measurement, Analysis, and Handover-Aware AdaptationProceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3664647.3680712(5958-5966)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Unveiling the 5G Mid-Band Landscape: From Network Deployment to Performance and Application QoEProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672269(358-372)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
  • (2024)Chorus: Coordinating Mobile Multipath Scheduling and Adaptive Video StreamingProceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3636534.3649359(246-262)Online publication date: 29-May-2024
  • (2024)PyStreamProceedings of the 15th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference10.1145/3625468.3652194(464-470)Online publication date: 15-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Low-Latency Live Video Streaming over a Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Network with DASHProceedings of the 15th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference10.1145/3625468.3647616(109-120)Online publication date: 15-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Playing Catch-Up: Evaluating Playback Speed Control in Low-Latency Live Streaming2024 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)10.1109/QoMEX61742.2024.10598290(270-273)Online publication date: 18-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Drop or Stop: Investigating the Impact of Playback Rate on QoE in Adaptive Video Streaming2024 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)10.1109/QoMEX61742.2024.10598252(111-117)Online publication date: 18-Jun-2024
  • (2024)An Experimental Study of Low-Latency Video Streaming over 5G2024 IEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom)10.1109/MeditCom61057.2024.10621182(383-388)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
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