Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3375462.3375518acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageslakConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

The relationship between confusion and metacognitive strategies in Betty's Brain

Published: 23 March 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Confusion has been shown to be prevalent during complex learning and has mixed effects on learning. Whether confusion facilitates or hampers learning may depend on whether it is resolved or not. Confusion resolution, behind which is the resolution of cognitive disequilibrium, requires learners to possess some skills, but it is unclear what these skills are. One possibility may be metacognitive strategies (MS), strategies for regulating cognition. This study examined the relationship between confusion and actions related to MS in Betty's Brain, a computer-based learning environment. The results revealed that MS behavior differed during and outside confusion. However, confusion resolution was not related to MS behavior, and MS did not moderate the effect of confusion on learning.

References

[1]
Craig, S., Graesser, A., Sullins, J., & Gholson, B. (2004). Affect and learning: an exploratory look into the role of affect in learning with AutoTutor. Journal of Educational Media, 29(3), 241--250.
[2]
D'Mello, S., Lehman, B., Pekrun, R., & Graesser, A. (2014). Confusion can be beneficial for learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 153--170.
[3]
D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2014). Confusion and its dynamics during device comprehension with breakdown scenarios. Acta Psychologica, 151, 106--116.
[4]
Lehman, B., & Graesser, A. (2014). Impact of agent role on confusion induction and learning. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2014). Springer, Honolulu, HI, USA, 45--54.
[5]
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and predictive validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(3), 801--813.
[6]
Efklides, A. (2011). Interactions of metacognition with motivation and affect in self-regulated learning: The MASRL model. Educational Psychologist, 46(1), 6--25.
[7]
Ohtani, K., & Hisasaka, T. (2018). Beyond intelligence: a meta-analytic review of the relationship among metacognition, intelligence, and academic performance. Metacognition and Learning, 13(2), 179--212.
[8]
Muis, K. R., Psaradellis, C., Lajoie, S. P., Di Leo, I., & Chevrier, M. (2015). The role of epistemic emotions in mathematics problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 172--185.
[9]
Di Leo, I., Muis, K. R., Singh, C. A., & Psaradellis, C. (2019). Curiosity ... Confusion? Frustration! The role and sequencing of emotions during mathematics problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 58, 121--137.
[10]
Arguel, A., Lockyer, L., Kennedy, G., Lodge, J. M., & Pachman, M. (2019). Seeking optimal confusion: a review on epistemic emotion management in interactive digital learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(2), 200--210.
[11]
Silvia, P. J. (2010). Confusion and interest: The role of knowledge emotions in aesthetic experience. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(2), 75--80.
[12]
Pekrun, R., & Stephens, E. J. (2012). Academic emotions. In K. Harris, S. Graham, T. Urdan, S. Graham & J. Royer (Eds.), Individual Differences and Cultural and Contextual factors. APA Educational Psychology Handbook. Vol. 2 (pp. 3--31). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
[13]
Yang, D., Kraut, R., & Rose, C. P. (2016). Exploring the effect of student confusion in massive open online courses. Journal of Educational Data Mining, 8(1), 52--83.
[14]
D'Mello, S. (2013). A selective meta-analysis on the relative incidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(4), 1082--1094.
[15]
Rodrigo, M., & Baker, R. (2011). Comparing learners' affect while using an intelligent tutor and an educational game. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 6(1), 43--66.
[16]
Mandler, G. (1990). Interruption (discrepancy) theory: Review and extensions. In S. Fisher & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), On the move: The Psychology of Change and Transition (13--32). Chichester: Wiley.
[17]
D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2014). Confusion. In R. Pekrun & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.), International Handbook of Emotions in Education (289--310). New York: Routledge.
[18]
Lehman, B., D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2012). Confusion and complex learning during interactions with computer learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 184--194.
[19]
Muis, K. R., Chevrier, M., & Singh, C. A. (2018). The role of epistemic emotions in personal epistemology and self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 53(3), 165--184.
[20]
Chevrier, M., Muis, K. R., Trevors, G. J., Pekrun, R., & Sinatra, G. M. (2019). Exploring the antecedents and consequences of epistemic emotions. Learning and Instruction, 63, 101209.
[21]
D Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2012). Dynamics of affective states during complex learning. Learning and Instruction, 22(2), 145--157.
[22]
Caprara, G. V., Fida, R., Vecchione, M., Del Bove, G., Vecchio, G. M., Barbaranelli, C., ... Bandura, A. (2008). Longitudinal analysis of the role of perceived self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in academic continuance and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(3), 525--534.
[23]
Yang, D., Wen, M., Howley, I., Kraut, R., & Rose, C. (2015). Exploring the effect of confusion in discussion forums of massive open online courses. In Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 121--130.
[24]
Muis, K. R., Pekrun, R., Sinatra, G. M., Azevedo, R., Trevors, G., Meier, E., ... Heddy, B. C. (2015). The curious case of climate change: Testing a theoretical model of epistemic beliefs, epistemic emotions, and complex learning. Learning and Instruction, 39, 168--183.
[25]
Lehman, B., D Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2013). Who benefits from confusion induction during learning? An individual differences cluster analysis. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2013). Springer, Memphis, TN, USA, 51--60.
[26]
Bosch, N., D Mello, S., & Mills, C. (2013). What emotions do novices experience during their first computer programming learning session? In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2013). Springer, Memphis, TN, USA, 11--20.
[27]
Lehman, B., & Graesser, A. (2015). To resolve or not to resolve? That is the big question about confusion. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2015). Springer, Madrid, Spain, 216--225.
[28]
Efklides, A. (2006). Metacognition and affect: What can metacognitive experiences tell us about the learning process? Educational Research Review, 1(1), 3--14.
[29]
Dent, A. L., & Koenka, A. C. (2016). The relation between self-regulated learning and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 425--474.
[30]
Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1990). What influences learning? A content analysis of review literature. The Journal of Educational Research, 84(1), 30--43.
[31]
Hargrove, R. A., & Nietfeld, J. L. (2015). The impact of metacognitive instruction on creative problem solving. The Journal of Experimental Education, 83(3), 291--318.
[32]
Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 26, 125--173.
[33]
Baker, R. S., D'Mello, S. K., Rodrigo, M. M. T., & Graesser, A. C. (2010). Better to be frustrated than bored: The incidence, persistence, and impact of learners' cognitive-affective states during interactions with three different computer-based learning environments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68(4), 223--241.
[34]
Biswas, G., Segedy, J. R., & Bunchongchit, K. (2016). From design to implementation to practice a learning by teaching system: Betty's brain. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(1), 350--364.
[35]
Ocumpaugh, J., Baker, R. S., & Rodrigo, M. M. T. B. (2015). Baker Rodrigo Ocumpaugh monitoring protocol (BROMP) 2.0 technical and training manual. Technical Report. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University. Manila, Philippines: Ateneo Laboratory for the Learning Sciences.
[36]
Ocumpaugh, J., Baker, R. S., Rodrigo, M. M., Salvi, A., Van Velsen, M., Aghababyan, A., ... Martin, T. (2015). HART: The human affect recording tool. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Conference on the Design of Communication (SIGDOC '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 24, 6 pages.
[37]
Meany Daboul, M. G., Roscoe, E. M., Bourret, J. C., & Ahearn, W. H. (2007). A comparison of momentary time sampling and partial-interval recording for evaluating functional relations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(3), 501--514.
[38]
Segedy, J. R., Kinnebrew, J. S., & Biswas, G. (2015). Using coherence analysis to characterize self-regulated learning behaviours in open-ended learning environments. Journal of Learning Analytics, 2(1), 13--48.
[39]
Cicchinelli, A., Veas, E., Pardo, A., Pammer-Schindler, V., Fessl, A., Barreiros, C., ... Lindstädt, S. (2018). Finding traces of self-regulated learning in activity streams. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK'20). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 191--200.
[40]
Botelho, A. F., Baker, R. S., Ocumpaugh, J., & Heffernan, N. T. (2018). Studying affect dynamics and chronometry using sensor-free detectors. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2018). International Educational Data Mining Society, Buffalo, NY, USA, 157--166.
[41]
Liu, Z., Pataranutaporn, V., Ocumpaugh, J., & Baker, R. S. (2013). Sequences of Frustration and Confusion, and Learning. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2013). International Educational Data Mining Society, Memphis, TN, USA, 114--120.
[42]
Noguchi, K., Gel, Y. R., Brunner, E., & Konietschke, F. (2012). nparLD: An R software package for the nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. Journal of Statistical Software, 50(12), 1--23.
[43]
Azevedo, R., Behnagh, R., Duffy, M., Harley, J., & Trevors, G. (2012). Metacognition and self-regulated learning in student-centered leaning environments. In D. Jonassen & S. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of student-centered learning environments (2ed., pp. 171--197). New York: Routledge.
[44]
Kinnebrew, J. S., Segedy, J. R., & Biswas, G. (2014). Analyzing the temporal evolution of students' behaviors in open-ended learning environments. Metacognition and learning, 9(2), 187--215.
[45]
van der Stel, M., & Veenman, M. V. (2014). Metacognitive skills and intellectual ability of young adolescents: A longitudinal study from a developmental perspective. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29(1), 117--137.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Subtopic-specific heterogeneity in computer-based learning behaviorsInternational Journal of STEM Education10.1186/s40594-024-00519-x11:1Online publication date: 24-Dec-2024
  • (2023)Determinants of Attitudes and Intentions to Use a Digital Library System: The Role of Meta-cognitive Strategies Amongst End-Users at a Historically Disadvantaged University in South AfricaDigital-for-Development: Enabling Transformation, Inclusion and Sustainability Through ICTs10.1007/978-3-031-28472-4_3(35-45)Online publication date: 18-Mar-2023
  • (2022)What do Students’ Interactions with Online Lecture Videos Reveal about their Learning?Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization10.1145/3503252.3531315(295-305)Online publication date: 4-Jul-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. The relationship between confusion and metacognitive strategies in Betty's Brain

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      LAK '20: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge
      March 2020
      679 pages
      ISBN:9781450377126
      DOI:10.1145/3375462
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 23 March 2020

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. confusion
      2. confusion resolution
      3. learning analytics
      4. metacognitive strategy

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      Conference

      LAK '20

      Acceptance Rates

      LAK '20 Paper Acceptance Rate 80 of 261 submissions, 31%;
      Overall Acceptance Rate 236 of 782 submissions, 30%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)170
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)24
      Reflects downloads up to 13 Feb 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Subtopic-specific heterogeneity in computer-based learning behaviorsInternational Journal of STEM Education10.1186/s40594-024-00519-x11:1Online publication date: 24-Dec-2024
      • (2023)Determinants of Attitudes and Intentions to Use a Digital Library System: The Role of Meta-cognitive Strategies Amongst End-Users at a Historically Disadvantaged University in South AfricaDigital-for-Development: Enabling Transformation, Inclusion and Sustainability Through ICTs10.1007/978-3-031-28472-4_3(35-45)Online publication date: 18-Mar-2023
      • (2022)What do Students’ Interactions with Online Lecture Videos Reveal about their Learning?Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization10.1145/3503252.3531315(295-305)Online publication date: 4-Jul-2022
      • (2022)The evolution of metacognitive strategy use in an open-ended learning environment: Do prior domain knowledge and motivation play a role?Contemporary Educational Psychology10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.10206469(102064)Online publication date: Apr-2022
      • (2022)How are feelings of difficulty and familiarity linked to learning behaviors and gains in a complex science learning task?European Journal of Psychology of Education10.1007/s10212-022-00616-x38:2(777-800)Online publication date: 11-Apr-2022
      • (2021)What You Do Predicts How You DoLAK21: 11th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference10.1145/3448139.3448151(121-131)Online publication date: 12-Apr-2021
      • (2021)Students’ Verbalized Metacognition During Computerized LearningProceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3411764.3445809(1-12)Online publication date: 6-May-2021

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Login options

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media