Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2883817.2883828acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescpsweekConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Reachset Conformance Testing of Hybrid Automata

Published: 11 April 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Industrial-sized hybrid systems are typically not amenable to formal verification techniques. For this reason, a common approach is to formally verify abstractions of (parts of) the original system. However, we need to show that this abstraction conforms to the actual system implementation including its physical dynamics. In particular, verified properties of the abstract system need to transfer to the implementation. To this end, we introduce a formal conformance relation, called reachset conformance, which guarantees transference of safety properties, while being a weaker relation than the existing trace inclusion conformance. Based on this formal relation, we present a conformance testing method which allows us to tune the trade-off between accuracy and computational load. Additionally, we present a test selection algorithm that uses a coverage measure to reduce the number of test cases for conformance testing. We experimentally show the benefits of our novel techniques based on an example from autonomous driving.

References

[1]
H. Abbas, H. D. Mittelmann, and G. E. Fainekos. Formal property verification in a conformance testing framework. In ACM/IEEE MEMOCODE, pages 155--164, 2014.
[2]
R. W. Allen, H. T. Szostak, D. H. Klyde, T. J. Rosenthal, and K. J. Owens. Vehicle dynamic stability and rollover. Technical report, U.S. Department of Transportation, Final Report DOT HS 807--956, 1992.
[3]
M. Althoff. An introduction to CORA 2015. In Proc. of the Workshop on Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems, pages 120--151, 2015.
[4]
M. Althoff and J. M. Dolan. Reachability computation of low-order models for the safety verification of high-order road vehicle models. In American Control Conference, pages 3559--3566. IEEE, 2012.
[5]
M. Althoff, O. Stursberg, and M. Buss. Computing reachable sets of hybrid systems using a combination of zonotopes and polytopes. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems, 4(2):233--249, 2010.
[6]
M. S. Branicky, M. M. Curtiss, J. Levine, and S. B. Morgan. RRTs for nonlinear, discrete, and hybrid planning and control. In Decision and Control, volume 1, pages 657--663. IEEE, 2003.
[7]
T. Dang. Model-based testing of hybrid systems. In Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems, chapter 14, pages 383--424. CRC Press, Inc., 2011.
[8]
P. S. Duggirala, S. Mitra, M. Viswanathan, and M. Potok. C2E2: A verification tool for Stateflow models. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, pages 68--82. 2015.
[9]
G. Frehse, C. L. Guernic, A. Donzé, S. Cotton, R. Ray, O. Lebeltel, R. Ripado, A. Girard, T. Dang, and O. Maler. SpaceEx: Scalable verification of hybrid systems. In Computer Aided Verification, pages 379--395, 2011.
[10]
A. Girard. Reachability of uncertain linear systems using zonotopes. In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, pages 291--305. 2005.
[11]
A. Girard and C. L. Guernic. Zonotope/hyperplane intersection for hybrid systems reachability analysis. In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, pages 215--228. 2008.
[12]
A. Girard, C. L. Guernic, and O. Maler. Efficient computation of reachable sets of linear time-invariant systems with inputs. In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, pages 257--271. 2006.
[13]
Á. González. Measurement of areas on a sphere using fibonacci and latitude-longitude lattices. Mathematical Geosciences, 42(1):49--64, 2010.
[14]
L. J. Guibas, A. Nguyen, and L. Zhang. Zonotopes as bounding volumes. In Proc. of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pages 803--812, 2003.
[15]
A. Kanade, R. Alur, F. Ivancic, S. Ramesh, S. Sankaranarayanan, and K. C. Shashidhar. Generating and analyzing symbolic traces of Simulink/Stateflow models. In Computer Aided Verification, pages 430--445, 2009.
[16]
N. Khakpour and M. R. Mousavi. Notions of Conformance Testing for Cyber-Physical Systems: Overview and Roadmap. In Int. Conf. on Concurrency Theory, volume 42 of LIPIcs, pages 18--40, 2015.
[17]
C. Le Guernic, A. Girard, C. L. Guernic, and A. Girard. Reachability analysis of hybrid systems using support functions. In Computer Aided Verification, pages 540--554, 2009.
[18]
I. M. Mitchell. Comparing forward and backward reachability as tools for safety analysis. In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, pages 428--443. 2007.
[19]
S. Mitra. Proving abstractions of dynamical systems through numerical simulations. In Proc. of the Symposium and Bootcamp on the Science of Security, page 12, 2014.
[20]
J. Schmaltz and J. Tretmans. On conformance testing for timed systems. In Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, pages 250--264. 2008.
[21]
P. Tabuada. Verification and Control of Hybrid Systems - A Symbolic Approach. Springer, 2009.
[22]
G. J. Tretmans. A formal approach to conformance testing. PhD thesis, Universiteit Twente, 1992.
[23]
M. P. W. J. van Osch. Automated model-based testing of hybrid systems. PhD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 2009.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Search-based and Stochastic Solutions to the Zonotope and Ellipsotope Containment Problems2024 European Control Conference (ECC)10.23919/ECC64448.2024.10590884(1057-1064)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2024
  • (2022)Reachset Conformance and Automatic Model Adaptation for Hybrid SystemsMathematics10.3390/math1019356710:19(3567)Online publication date: 29-Sep-2022
  • (2022)Interval-Arithmetic-Based Robust Control of Fully Actuated Mechanical SystemsIEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology10.1109/TCST.2021.311848830:4(1525-1537)Online publication date: Jul-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
HSCC '16: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control
April 2016
324 pages
ISBN:9781450339551
DOI:10.1145/2883817
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 11 April 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. conformance
  2. hybrid automata
  3. reachability analysis
  4. test selection
  5. testing

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

  • European Commission

Conference

HSCC'16
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

HSCC '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 28 of 65 submissions, 43%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 153 of 373 submissions, 41%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)28
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
Reflects downloads up to 13 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Search-based and Stochastic Solutions to the Zonotope and Ellipsotope Containment Problems2024 European Control Conference (ECC)10.23919/ECC64448.2024.10590884(1057-1064)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2024
  • (2022)Reachset Conformance and Automatic Model Adaptation for Hybrid SystemsMathematics10.3390/math1019356710:19(3567)Online publication date: 29-Sep-2022
  • (2022)Interval-Arithmetic-Based Robust Control of Fully Actuated Mechanical SystemsIEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology10.1109/TCST.2021.311848830:4(1525-1537)Online publication date: Jul-2022
  • (2022)Conformant Synthesis for Koopman Operator Linearized Control Systems2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)10.1109/CDC51059.2022.9992324(7327-7332)Online publication date: 6-Dec-2022
  • (2021)Set Propagation Techniques for Reachability AnalysisAnnual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems10.1146/annurev-control-071420-0819414:1(369-395)Online publication date: 3-May-2021
  • (2021)Provably-Correct and Comfortable Adaptive Cruise ControlIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles10.1109/TIV.2020.29919536:1(159-174)Online publication date: Mar-2021
  • (2021)Towards threat metric evaluation in complex urban scenarios2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)10.1109/ITSC48978.2021.9564790(1192-1198)Online publication date: 19-Sep-2021
  • (2021)Comparison of guaranteed state estimators for linear time-invariant systemsAutomatica10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109662130(109662)Online publication date: Aug-2021
  • (2020)Reachability Analysis of Large Linear Systems With Uncertain Inputs in the Krylov SubspaceIEEE Transactions on Automatic Control10.1109/TAC.2019.290643265:2(477-492)Online publication date: Feb-2020
  • (2020)Equivalence Checking Methods for Analog Circuits Using Continuous Reachable Sets2020 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)10.1109/ISVLSI49217.2020.00012(7-12)Online publication date: Jul-2020
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media