Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2716281.2836126acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesconextConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Scheduling techniques for hybrid circuit/packet networks

Published: 01 December 2015 Publication History

Abstract

A range of new datacenter switch designs combine wireless or optical circuit technologies with electrical packet switching to deliver higher performance at lower cost than traditional packet-switched networks. These "hybrid" networks schedule large traffic demands via a high-rate circuits and remaining traffic with a lower-rate, traditional packet-switches. Achieving high utilization requires an efficient scheduling algorithm that can compute proper circuit configurations and balance traffic across the switches. Recent proposals, however, provide no such algorithm and rely on an omniscient oracle to compute optimal switch configurations.
Finding the right balance of circuit and packet switch use is difficult: circuits must be reconfigured to serve different demands, incurring non-trivial switching delay, while the packet switch is bandwidth constrained. Adapting existing crossbar scheduling algorithms proves challenging with these constraints. In this paper, we formalize the hybrid switching problem, explore the design space of scheduling algorithms, and provide insight on using such algorithms in practice. We propose a heuristic-based algorithm, Solstice that provides a 2.9× increase in circuit utilization over traditional scheduling algorithms, while being within 14% of optimal, at scale.

References

[1]
M. Alizadeh, A. Greenberg, D. A. Maltz, J. Padhye, P. Patel, B. Prabhakar, S. Sengupta, and M. Sridharan. Data Center TCP (DCTCP). In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2010.
[2]
T. Benson, A. Akella, and D. A. Maltz. Network Traffic Characteristics of Data Centers in the Wild. In Proc. ACM IMC, Nov. 2010.
[3]
G. Birkhoff. Tres Observaciones Sobre el Algebra Lineal. Univ. Nac. Tucumán Rev. Ser. A, 1946.
[4]
K. Chen, A. Singla, A. Singh, K. Ramachandran, L. Xu, Y. Zhang, and X. Wen. OSA: An Optical Switching Architecture for Data Center Networks and Unprecedented Flexibility. In Proc. USENIX NSDI, Apr. 2012.
[5]
N. Farrington, G. Porter, Y. Fainman, G. Papen, and A. Vahdat. Hunting Mice with Microsecond Circuit Switches. In Proc. ACM HotNets-XI, Oct. 2012.
[6]
N. Farrington, G. Porter, S. Radhakrishnan, H. Bazzaz, V. Subramanya, Y. Fainman, G. Papen, and A. Vahdat. Helios: A Hybrid Electrical/Optical Switch Architecture for Modular Data Centers. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2010.
[7]
S. Fu, B. Wu, X. Jiang, A. Pattavina, L. Zhang, and S. Xu. Cost and Delay Tradeoff in Three-Stage Switch Architecture for Data Center Networks. In Proc. IEEE High Perf. Switching and Routing, July 2013.
[8]
P. Giaccone, B. Prabhakar, and D. Shah. Randomized Scheduling Algorithms for High-Aggregate Bandwidth Switches. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Comms., May 2003.
[9]
A. Goel, M. Kapralov, and S. Khanna. Perfect Matchings in O(n log n) Time in Regular Bipartite Graphs. In ACM STOC, June 2013.
[10]
I. S. Gopal and C. K. Wong. Minimizing the Number of Switchings in a SS/TDMA System. IEEE Trans. Comms., June 1985.
[11]
Gurobi. Gurobi Optimization. http://www.gurobi.com/.
[12]
J. Haglund and J. Remmel. Rook Theory for Perfect Matchings. Advances in Applied Math., Aug. 2001.
[13]
D. Halperin, S. Kandula, J. Padhye, P. Bahl, and D. Wetherall. Augmenting Data Center Networks with Multi-gigabit Wireless Links. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2011.
[14]
T. Inukai. An Efficient SS/TDMA Time Slot Assignment Algorithm. IEEE Trans. Comms., Oct. 1979.
[15]
S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. Flyways To De-Congest Data Center Networks. In Proc. ACM HotNets-VIII, Oct. 2009.
[16]
S. Kandula, S. Sengupta, A. Greenberg, P. Patel, and R. Chaiken. The Nature of Data Center Traffic: Measurements & Analysis. In Proc. ACM IMC, Nov. 2009.
[17]
R. Kapoor, A. C. Snoeren, G. M. Voelker, and G. Porter. Bullet Trains: A Study of NIC Burst Behavior at Microsecond Timescales. In Proc. ACM CoNEXT, Dec. 2013.
[18]
X. Li and M. Hamdi. On Scheduling Optical Packet Switches with Reconfiguration Delay. IEEE JSAC, Sept. 2003.
[19]
H. Liu, F. Lu, A. Forencich, R. Kapoor, M. Tewari, G. M. Voelker, G. Papen, A. C. Snoeren, and G. Porter. Circuit Switching Under the Radar with REACToR. In Proc. USENIX NSDI, Apr. 2014.
[20]
N. McKeown. The iSLIP Scheduling Algorithm for Input-Queued Switches. IEEE Trans. Networking, Apr. 1999.
[21]
Q.-K. Pan and R. Ruiz. A Comprehensive Review and Evaluation of Permutation Flowshop Heuristics to Minimize Flowtime. Comp. & Op. Research, Jan. 2013.
[22]
G. Porter, R. Strong, N. Farrington, A. Forencich, P.-C. Sun, T. Rosing, Y. Fainman, G. Papen, and A. Vahdat. Integrating Microsecond Circuit Switching into the Data Center. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2013.
[23]
A. Roy, H. Zeng, J. Bagga, G. Porter, and A. C. Snoeren. Inside the Social Network's (Datacenter) Network. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2015.
[24]
R. Sinkhorn and K. Paul. Concerning Nonnegative Matrices and Doubly Stochastic Matrices. Pacific J. Math., May 1967.
[25]
M. Tandon, P. Cummings, and M. LeVan. Flowshop Sequencing with Non-Permutation Schedules. Comp. & Chem. Eng., Aug. 1991.
[26]
B. Towles and W. J. Dally. Guaranteed Scheduling for Switches with Configuration Overhead. IEEE Trans. Networking, Oct. 2003.
[27]
G. Wang, D. G. Andersen, M. Kaminsky, M. Kozuch, T. S. E. Ng, K. Papagiannaki, M. Glick, and L. Mummert. Your Data Center Is a Router: The Case for Reconfigurable Optical Circuit Switched Paths. In Proc. ACM HotNets-VIII, Oct. 2009.
[28]
G. Wang, D. G. Andersen, M. Kaminsky, K. Papagiannaki, T. S. E. Ng, M. Kozuch, and M. Ryan. c-Through: Part-time Optics in Data Centers. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2010.
[29]
B. Wu and K. L. Yeung. Minimum Delay Scheduling in Scalable Hybrid Electronic/Optical Packet Switches. In IEEE GLOBECOM, Nov. 2006.
[30]
B. Wu, K. L. Yeung, and X. Wang. Improving Scheduling Efficiency for High-Speed Routers with Optical Switch Fabrics. In IEEE GLOBECOM, Nov. 2006.
[31]
X. Zhou, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhu, Y. Li, S. Kumar, A. Vahdat, B. Y. Zhao, and H. Zheng. Mirror Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2012.

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)PSscheduler: A parameter synchronization scheduling algorithm for distributed machine learning in reconfigurable optical networksNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2024.128876616(128876)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2024)Precise data center traffic engineering with constrained hardware resourcesProceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/3691825.3691862(669-690)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Realizing RotorNet: Toward Practical Microsecond Scale Optical NetworkingProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672273(392-414)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CoNEXT '15: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies
December 2015
483 pages
ISBN:9781450334129
DOI:10.1145/2716281
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 December 2015

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. circuit networks
  2. hybrid networks
  3. packet networks

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

Conference

CoNEXT '15
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 198 of 789 submissions, 25%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)286
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)46
Reflects downloads up to 13 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)PSscheduler: A parameter synchronization scheduling algorithm for distributed machine learning in reconfigurable optical networksNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2024.128876616(128876)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2024)Precise data center traffic engineering with constrained hardware resourcesProceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/3691825.3691862(669-690)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Realizing RotorNet: Toward Practical Microsecond Scale Optical NetworkingProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672273(392-414)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
  • (2024)When TCP Meets Reconfigurations: A Comprehensive Measurement StudyIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2023.332750821:2(1372-1386)Online publication date: Apr-2024
  • (2024)PARING: Joint Task Placement and Routing for Distributed Training With In-Network AggregationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.341485332:5(4317-4332)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)Reviving Peer-to-Peer Networking for Scalable Crowdsourced Live Video StreamingIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.338039532:4(3205-3220)Online publication date: Aug-2024
  • (2024)Scheduling Coflows in Hybrid Optical-Circuit and Electrical-Packet Switches With Performance GuaranteeIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.335424532:3(2299-2314)Online publication date: Jun-2024
  • (2024)COCSN: A Multi-Tiered Cascaded Optical Circuit Switching Network for Data CenterIEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing10.1109/TCC.2024.348827512:4(1463-1475)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)A Brief Introduction to Quantum Network ControlIEEE Communications Magazine10.1109/MCOM.008.230085562:10(48-53)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Interruptible Scheduling of Partially Re-Configurable Optical Switching in Data Center NetworksJournal of Lightwave Technology10.1109/JLT.2023.334104242:7(2212-2224)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media