Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2753509.2753510acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmobisysConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

An Energy Neutral Wearable Camera with EPD Display

Published: 18 May 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Wearable technologies are flooding the consumer market, and have massively entered the market of electronic consumers and people are now surrounded by an increasing number of "smart" objects to wear. The main issue that limits the success of these devices is limited battery lifetime. Energy-neutral operation, which does not require battery recharging or replacement (similar to automatic quartz watches) is highly desirable in this context. In this paper, we present the first energy-neutral wearable device, equipped with an ultra low power camera and an electrophoretic display (EPD) which is supplied by a solar energy harvester. The novel design includes several hardware and software optimizations to achieve energy neutrality. In particular, we implemented innovative methods for displaying gray-scale images to obtain up to 9 gray-scale levels using a black-and-white display. This reduces by 43.7% the energy consumption in comparison to the state of art. Moreover, we implemented aggressive power management for the camera acquisition which saves up to 91.4% of energy to acquire an image. Experimental results, with different scenarios, demonstrate advanced functionality and the energy neutrality of the system that can acquire and display up to 54 images per hour in indoor scenario.

References

[1]
S. Movassaghi, M. Abolhasan, J. Lipman, D. Smith, and A. Jamalipour, "Wireless body area networks: A survey," Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1658--1686, Third 2014.
[2]
Z. Yanqing, Z. Fan, Y. Shakhsheer, J. Silver, A. Klinefelter, M. Nagaraju, J. Boley, J. Pandey, A. Shrivastava, E. Carlson, A. Wood, B. Calhoun, and B. Otis, "A batteryless 19 μ w mics/ism-band energy harvesting body sensor node soc for exg applications," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 199--213, Jan 2013.
[3]
A. Dementyev, J. Gummeson, D. Thrasher, A. Parks, D. Ganesan, J. Smith, and A. Sample, "Wirelessly powered bistable display tags," in Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Int. Joint Conf. on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, ser. UbiComp '13. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013, pp. 383--386.
[4]
D. Porcarelli, I. Donati, J. Nehani, D. Brunelli, M. Magno, and L. Benini, "Design and implementation of a multi sensors self sustainable wearable device," in Education and Research Conference (EDERC), 2014 6th European Embedded Design in, Sept 2014, pp. 16--20.
[5]
A. Mayberry, P. Hu, B. Marlin, C. Salthouse, and D. Ganesan, "ishadow: Design of a wearable, real-time mobile gaze tracker," in Proceedings of the 12th Annual Int. Conf. on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, ser. MobiSys '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014, pp. 82--94.
[6]
L. Yoonmyung, B. Suyoung, L. Inhee, K. Yejoong, K. Gyouho, M. Ghaed, P. Pannuto, P. Dutta, D. Sylvester, and D. Blaauw, "A modular 1 mm3 die-stacked sensing platform with low power i2c inter-die communication and multi-modal energy harvesting," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 229--243, Jan 2013.
[7]
J. J. B. Comiskey, J.D. Albert, "Electrophoretic ink: a printable display material," in Digest of Tech. Papers. Soc. Information Display, 1997, pp. 75--76.
[8]
Y. Lu and C. Tien, "Principal component analysis of multi-pigment scenario in full-color electrophoretic display," Journal of Display Technology, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 807--813, 2013.
[9]
P. Bai, R. Hayes, M. Jin, L. Shui, Z. Yi, L. Wang, X. Zhang, and G. Zhou, "Review of paper-like display technologies (invited review)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 147, pp. 95--116, 2014.
[10]
D. Balsamo, A. Weddell, G. Merrett, B. Al-Hashimi, D. Brunelli, and L. Benini, "Hibernus: Sustaining computation during intermittent supply for energy-harvesting systems," Embedded Systems Letters, IEEE, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15--18, March 2015.
[11]
B. Pires, M. Devyver, A. Tsukada, and T. Kanade, "Unwrapping the eye for visible-spectrum gaze tracking on wearable devices," in Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2013 IEEE Workshop on, Jan 2013, pp. 369--376.
[12]
E. Campo, D. Hewson, C. Gehin, and N. Noury, "Theme d: Sensors, wearable devices, intelligent networks and smart homecare for health," vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 11--13, 2013, digital Technologies for Healthcare.
[13]
World Health Organisation, "Health Topics: Disabilities," 2013.
[14]
J. Khan, M. R. Yuce, G. Bulger, and B. Harding, "Wireless body area network (wban) design techniques and performance evaluation," Journal of medical systems, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1441--1457, 2012.
[15]
K. Baskaran, "A survey on futuristic health care system: Wbans," Procedia Engineering, vol. 30, pp. 889--896, 2012.
[16]
C. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, "Context aware computing for the internet of things: A survey," Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 414--454, First 2014.
[17]
C. Pang, C. Lee, and K. Suh, "Recent advances in exible sensors for wearable and implantable devices," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 1429--1441, 2013.
[18]
M. Gorlatova, J. Sarik, G. Grebla, M. Cong, I. Kymissis, and G. Zussman, "Movers and shakers: Kinetic energy harvesting for the internet of things," in The 2014 ACM Int. Conf. on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, ser. SIGMETRICS '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014, pp. 407--419.
[19]
P. Castillejo, J. Martínez, L. López, and G. Rubio, "An internet of things approach for managing smart services provided by wearable devices," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2013, 2013.
[20]
M. Magno, D. Porcarelli, D. Brunelli, and L. Benini, "Infinitime: A multi-sensor energy neutral wearable bracelet," in Green Computing Conference (IGCC), 2014 International. IEEE, 2014, pp. 1--8.
[21]
S. Inoue, H. Kawai, S. Kanbe, T. Saeki, and T. Shimoda, "High-resolution microencapsulated electrophoretic display (epd) driven by poly-si tfts with four-level grayscale," Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1532--1539, Sep 2002.
[22]
Pervasive Displays Inc, "1.44" TFT EPD Panel (EK014BS011)," 2014.
[23]
P. Bai, Z. Yi, and G. Zhou, "An improved driving scheme in an electrophoretic display," International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 436--441, 2013.
[24]
H. Yee, "Perceptual metric for production testing," Journal of Graphics Tools, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 33--40, 2004.
[25]
M. Baker, A. Shrivastava, and K. Chatha, "Smart driver for power reduction in next generation bistable electrophoretic display technology," in CODES+ISSS, 2007 5th IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on, Sept 2007, pp. 197--202.

Cited By

View all
  • (2017)Design and Implementation of Digital Doorsign System Based on E-paper DisplayAdvances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing10.1007/978-981-10-7605-3_28(168-173)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2017
  • (2016)Exploring the Design Space for Energy-Harvesting Situated DisplaysProceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/2984511.2984513(41-48)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2016
  • (2016)EPD Noticeboard for Posting Multiple InformationAdvances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing10.1007/978-981-10-3023-9_22(137-142)Online publication date: 23-Nov-2016

Index Terms

  1. An Energy Neutral Wearable Camera with EPD Display

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    WearSys '15: Proceedings of the 2015 workshop on Wearable Systems and Applications
    May 2015
    68 pages
    ISBN:9781450335003
    DOI:10.1145/2753509
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    In-Cooperation

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 18 May 2015

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. electrophoretic displays
    2. energy harvesting
    3. energy neutral
    4. low power camera
    5. power optimization
    6. wearable devices

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    • Swiss National Science Foundation Projects: SCOPES
    • Swiss National Science Foundation Projects : Transient Computing
    • FP7 project PHIDIAS

    Conference

    MobiSys'15
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    WearSys '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 14 of 18 submissions, 78%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 28 of 36 submissions, 78%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)9
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 13 Nov 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2017)Design and Implementation of Digital Doorsign System Based on E-paper DisplayAdvances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing10.1007/978-981-10-7605-3_28(168-173)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2017
    • (2016)Exploring the Design Space for Energy-Harvesting Situated DisplaysProceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/2984511.2984513(41-48)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2016
    • (2016)EPD Noticeboard for Posting Multiple InformationAdvances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing10.1007/978-981-10-3023-9_22(137-142)Online publication date: 23-Nov-2016

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media