research-article

Optimizing sensor network reprogramming via in situ reconfigurable components

Authors:

Amir Taherkordi,

Frederic Loiret,

Frank EliassenAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), Volume 9, Issue 2

Article No.: 14, Pages 1 - 33

https://doi.org/10.1145/2422966.2422971

Published: 01 April 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Wireless reprogramming of sensor nodes is a critical requirement in long-lived wireless sensor networks (WSNs) addressing several concerns, such as fixing bugs, upgrading the operating system and applications, and adapting applications behavior according to the physical environment. In such resource-poor platforms, the ability to efficiently delimit and reconfigure the necessary portion of sensor software—instead of updating the full binary image—is of vital importance. However, most existing approaches in this field have not been adopted widely to date due to the extensive use of WSN resources or lack of generality. In this article, we therefore consider WSN programming models and runtime reconfiguration models as two interrelated factors and we present an integrated approach for addressing efficient reprogramming in WSNs. The middleware solution we propose, <scp<RemoWare</scp<, is characterized by mitigating the cost of post-deployment software updates on sensor nodes via the notion of in situ reconfigurability and providing a component-based programming abstraction in order to facilitate the development of dynamic WSN applications. Our evaluation results show that <scp<RemoWare</scp< imposes a very low energy overhead in code distribution and component reconfiguration and consumes approximately 6% of the total code memory on a <scp<TelosB</scp< sensor platform.

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Index Terms

Optimizing sensor network reprogramming via in situ reconfigurable components
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Architectures
    1. Distributed architectures
2. Networks
  1. Network architectures
  2. Network types
    1. Mobile networks
    2. Wireless access networks

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Reviews

Reviewer: Gulustan Dogan

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often deployed in harsh environments and left unattended for very long periods of time. There is often a need to update their software or operating systems. As it is not efficient to make a new deployment every time a change is needed, reconfiguration becomes a crucial issue. Reprogramming WSNs is important to save resources because upgrading the full software image is costly and not feasible. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of a runtime middleware solution called RemoWare to support the dynamic reprogramming of WSNs. RemoWare uses a component-based approach to minimize the energy and resource overhead. The authors introduce the key features of RemoWare in seven concepts: in situ reconfigurability, neighbor-aware binding, component addition and removal, in situ program memory allocation, retention of component state, code update management, and nonfunctional features. The methodology they use is very sound and novel; they do the reprogramming in a memory- and energy-efficient way, conserving the state of the nodes. The implementation of RemoWare is based on the Remora component model, which is used for application development on any WSN system software platform. Lastly, the authors compare RemoWare with other existing component-based approaches with respect to metrics such as memory requirements and usability on various operating system (OS) platforms. Memory cost and energy overhead using Remora are lower than with other systems. Online Computing Reviews Service

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 9, Issue 2

March 2013

532 pages

ISSN:1550-4859

EISSN:1550-4867

DOI:10.1145/2422966

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2013

Accepted: 01 January 2012

Revised: 01 April 2011

Received: 01 November 2010

Published in TOSN Volume 9, Issue 2

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https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145168
Khalil UMueen-Uddin Malik OHussain S(2022)A Blockchain Footprint for Authentication of IoT-Enabled Smart Devices in Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art Advancements, Challenges and Future Research DirectionsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2022.318999810(76805-76823)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3189998
ElRahman SAlluhaidan A(2021)Blockchain technology and IoT-edge framework for sharing healthcare servicesSoft Computing10.1007/s00500-021-06041-4Online publication date: 27-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06041-4
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