research-article

Rasterizing and antialiasing vector line art in the pixel art style

Authors:

Tiffany C. Inglis,

Daniel Vogel,

Craig S. KaplanAuthors Info & Claims

NPAR '13: Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

Pages 25 - 32

https://doi.org/10.1145/2486042.2486044

Published: 19 July 2013 Publication History

Get Access

Abstract

Pixel artists rasterize vector shapes by hand to minimize artifacts at low resolutions and emphasize the aesthetics of visible pixels. We describe Superpixelator, an algorithm that automates this process by rasterizing vector line art at a low resolution pixel art style. Our technique successfully eliminates most rasterization artifacts and draws smoother curves. To draw shapes more effectively, we use optimization techniques to preserve shape properties such as symmetry, aspect ratio, and sharp angles. Our algorithm also supports "manual antialiasing," the style of antialiasing used in pixel art. Professional pixel artists report that Superpixelator's results are as good, or better, than hand-rasterized drawings by artists.

References

[1]

Akeley, K. 1993. Reality engine graphics. In Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM, SIGGRAPH '93, 109--116.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[2]

Boyer, V., and Bourdin, J. 1999. Fastlines: a span by span method. Computer Graphics Forum 18, 3, 377--384.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[3]

Gerstner, T., DeCarlo, D., Alexa, M., Finkelstein, A., Gingold, Y., and Nealen, A. 2012. Pixelated image abstraction. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, NPAR '12, 29--36.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Gowers, D., 2013. NeoTA's antialiasing tutorial. neota.castleparadox.com/aa_tutorial.html. {Online; accessed 14-Mar-2013}.

Google Scholar

[5]

Hearn, D., and Baker, M. P. 1986. Computer Graphics, 1st ed. Prentice Hall, 59--70.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[6]

Inglis, T. C., and Kaplan, C. S. 2012. Pixelating vector line art. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, NPAR '12, 21--28.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[7]

Jimenez, J., Echevarria, J. I., Sousa, T., and Gutierrez, D. 2012. SMAA: Enhanced morphological antialiasing. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EUROGRAPHICS 2012) 31, 2.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[8]

Kopf, J., and Lischinski, D. 2011. Depixelizing pixel art. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2011) 30, 4, 99:1--99:8.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Liu, Y. K., Wang, P. J., Zhao, D. D., Spelic, D., Mongus, D., and Zalik, B. 2011. Pixel-level algorithm for drawing curves. In Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, Eurographics Association, vol. 18, 33--40.

Google Scholar

[10]

Lottes, T., 2011. FXAA. Tech. rep., NVIDIA.

Google Scholar

[11]

Stamm, B. 1998. Visual true type: A graphical method for authoring font intelligence. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronic Publishing, Springer-Verlag, London, UK, UK, EP '98/RIDT '98, 77--92.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[12]

Wu, X. 1991. An efficient antialiasing technique. In Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM, vol. 25 of SIGGRAPH '91, 143--152.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[13]

Wu, X. 1991. Fast anti-aliased circle generation. In Graphics Gems II, J. Arvo, Ed. Morgan Kaufman, 446--450.

Google Scholar

[14]

Yu, D., 2013. Pixel art tutorial. makegames.tumblr.com/post/42648699708/pixel-art-tutorial. {Online; accessed 14-Mar-2013}.

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Bhatnagar TUpadhyay VSharma ARao PMiodownik MMarquardt NHolloway C(2023)Pixelated Interactions: Exploring Pixel Art for Graphical Primitives on a Pin Array Tactile DisplayProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596044(1194-1208)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563657.3596044
Wu ZChai LZhao NDeng BLiu YWen QWang JHe S(2022)Make Your Own SpritesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3550454.355548241:6(1-16)Online publication date: 30-Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555482
van de Kerkhof Mde Jong TParment RLöffler MVaxman Avan Kreveld M(2019)Design and Automated Generation of Japanese Picture PuzzlesComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1364238:2(343-353)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2019
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13642
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Rasterizing and antialiasing vector line art in the pixel art style
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation

Recommendations

Pixelating vector line art
NPAR '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

Creating pixel art is a laborious process that requires artists to place individual pixels by hand. Although many image editors provide vector-to-raster conversions, the results produced do not meet the standards of pixel art: artifacts such as jaggies ...
Subpixel reconstruction antialiasing for deferred shading
I3D '11: Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games

Subpixel Reconstruction Antialiasing (SRAA) combines singlepixel (1x) shading with subpixel visibility to create antialiased images without increasing the shading cost. SRAA targets deferred-shading renderers, which cannot use multisample antialiasing.

...
Two dimensional hidden surface removal with frame-to-frame coherence
SCCG '15: Proceedings of the 31st Spring Conference on Computer Graphics

We describe a hidden surface removal algorithm for two-dimensional layered scenes built from arbitrary primitives, particularly suited to interaction and animation in rich scenes (for example, in illustration). The method makes use of a set-based raster ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

NPAR '13: Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

July 2013

34 pages

ISBN:9781450321983

DOI:10.1145/2486042

Conference Chair:
Forrester Cole
Pixar Animation Studios
,
Editor:
Stephen N. Spencer
University of Washington
,
General Chair:
Cindy Grimm
Oregon State University

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 19 July 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

Expressive 2013

Sponsor:

SIGGRAPH
EUROGRAPHICS

Expressive 2013: The joint symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

July 19 - 21, 2013

California, Anaheim

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

15
Total Citations
View Citations
683
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)45
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)5

Reflects downloads up to 26 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Bhatnagar TUpadhyay VSharma ARao PMiodownik MMarquardt NHolloway C(2023)Pixelated Interactions: Exploring Pixel Art for Graphical Primitives on a Pin Array Tactile DisplayProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596044(1194-1208)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563657.3596044
Wu ZChai LZhao NDeng BLiu YWen QWang JHe S(2022)Make Your Own SpritesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3550454.355548241:6(1-16)Online publication date: 30-Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555482
van de Kerkhof Mde Jong TParment RLöffler MVaxman Avan Kreveld M(2019)Design and Automated Generation of Japanese Picture PuzzlesComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1364238:2(343-353)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2019
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13642
Schumacher CZehnder JBächer M(2018)Set-in-stoneACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327508537:6(1-13)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275085
Hedman PPhilip JPrice TFrahm JDrettakis GBrostow G(2018)Deep blending for free-viewpoint image-based renderingACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327508437:6(1-15)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275084
Han CWen QHe SZhu QTan YHan GWong T(2018)Deep unsupervised pixelizationACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327508237:6(1-11)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275082
Xie FHanrahan P(2018)Multiple scattering from distributions of specular v-groovesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327507837:6(1-14)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275078
Malomo LPérez JIarussi EPietroni NMiguel ECignoni PBickel B(2018)FlexMapsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327507637:6(1-14)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275076
Nagano KSeo JXing JWei LLi ZSaito SAgarwal AFursund JLi H(2018)paGANACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3272127.327507537:6(1-12)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3272127.3275075
Dodgson NWyvill BFu H(2018)Abstract depiction of human and animal figuresProceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering10.1145/3229147.3229152(1-8)Online publication date: 17-Aug-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3229147.3229152
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Pixelating vector line art

Subpixel reconstruction antialiasing for deferred shading

Two dimensional hidden surface removal with frame-to-frame coherence