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IDF revisited: a simple new derivation within the Robertson-Spärck Jones probabilistic model

Published: 23 July 2007 Publication History

Abstract

There have been a number of prior attempts to theoretically justify the effectiveness of the inverse document frequency (IDF). Those that take as their starting point Robertson and Sparck Jones's probabilistic model are based on strong or complex assumptions. We show that a more intuitively plausible assumption suffices. Moreover, the new assumption, while conceptually very simple, provides a solution to an estimation problem that had been deemed intractable by Robertson and Walker (1997).

References

[1]
K. W. Church and W. A. Gale. Inverse document frequency (IDF): A measure of deviations from Poisson. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora (WVLC), pages 121--130, 1995.
[2]
W. B. Croft and D. J. Harper. Using probabilistic models of document retrieval without relevance information. Journal of Documentation, 35(4):285--295, 1979. Reprinted in Karen Spärck Jones and Peter Willett, eds., Readings in Information Retrieval, Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 339--344, 1997.
[3]
A. P. de Vries and T. Roelleke. Relevance information: A loss of entropy but a gain for idf? In Proceedings of SIGIR, pages 282--289, 2005.
[4]
H. Fang, T. Tao, and C. Zhai. A formal study of information retrieval heuristics. In Proceedings of SIGIR, pages 49--56, 2004.
[5]
W. R. Greiff. A theory of term weighting based on exploratory data analysis. In Proceedings of SIGIR, pages 11--19, New York, NY, USA, 1998.
[6]
D. Harman. The history of IDF and its in uences on IR and other fields. In Charting a New Course: Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval: Essays in Honour of Karen Spärck Jones, pages 69--79. Springer, 2005.
[7]
C. D. Manning, P. Raghavan, and H. Schütze. Introduction to Information Retrieval, chapter 11 (Probabilistic information retrieval). Cambridge University Press, 2007. Draft of April 28.
[8]
K. Papineni. Why inverse document frequency? In Proceedings of the NAACL, pages 1--8, 1995.
[9]
S. E. Robertson. Understanding inverse document frequency: On theoretical arguments for IDF. Journal of Documentation, 60(5):503--520, 2004.
[10]
S. E. Robertson and K. Spärck Jones. Relevance weighting of search terms. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 27(3):129--146, 1976.
[11]
S. E. Robertson and S. Walker. On relevance weights with little relevance information. In Proceedings of SIGIR, pages 16--24, 1997.
[12]
K. Spärck Jones. A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval. Journal of Documentation, 28:11--21, 1972.
[13]
I. H. Witten, A. Moffat, and T. C. Bell. Managing Gigabytes: Compressing and Indexing Documents and Images. Morgan Kaufmann, second edition, 1999.
[14]
S. K. M. Wong and Y. Y. Yao. A note on inverse document frequency weighting scheme {sic}. Technical Report TR-89-990, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, 1989.

Cited By

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  • (2022)Diagnosis of a Single-Nucleotide Variant in Whole-Exome Sequencing Data for Patients With Inherited Diseases: Machine Learning Study Using Artificial Intelligence Variant PrioritizationJMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology10.2196/377013:1(e37701)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2022
  • (2018)BM25-CTF: Improving TF and IDF factors in BM25 by using collection term frequenciesJournal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems10.3233/JIFS-16947534:5(2887-2899)Online publication date: 24-May-2018
  • (2017)Automatic Term Reweighting for Query ExpansionProceedings of the 22nd Australasian Document Computing Symposium10.1145/3166072.3166074(1-4)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2017
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    cover image ACM Conferences
    SIGIR '07: Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
    July 2007
    946 pages
    ISBN:9781595935977
    DOI:10.1145/1277741
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Publication History

    Published: 23 July 2007

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    Author Tags

    1. IDF
    2. inverse document frequency
    3. probabilistic model
    4. term weighting

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    SIGIR07
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    SIGIR07: The 30th Annual International SIGIR Conference
    July 23 - 27, 2007
    Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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    View all
    • (2022)Diagnosis of a Single-Nucleotide Variant in Whole-Exome Sequencing Data for Patients With Inherited Diseases: Machine Learning Study Using Artificial Intelligence Variant PrioritizationJMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology10.2196/377013:1(e37701)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2022
    • (2018)BM25-CTF: Improving TF and IDF factors in BM25 by using collection term frequenciesJournal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems10.3233/JIFS-16947534:5(2887-2899)Online publication date: 24-May-2018
    • (2017)Automatic Term Reweighting for Query ExpansionProceedings of the 22nd Australasian Document Computing Symposium10.1145/3166072.3166074(1-4)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2017
    • (2016)Efficient and Effective Higher Order Proximity ModelingProceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval10.1145/2970398.2970404(21-30)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2016
    • (2014)Improvements to BM25 and Language Models ExaminedProceedings of the 19th Australasian Document Computing Symposium10.1145/2682862.2682863(58-65)Online publication date: 26-Nov-2014
    • (2012)Combining Modifications to Multinomial Naive Bayes for Text ClassificationInformation Retrieval Technology10.1007/978-3-642-35341-3_10(114-125)Online publication date: 2012
    • (2008)Generalized inverse document frequencyProceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management10.1145/1458082.1458137(399-408)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2008
    • (2008)Interpreting TF-IDF term weights as making relevance decisionsACM Transactions on Information Systems10.1145/1361684.136168626:3(1-37)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2008

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