Article

Are two talking heads better than one?: when should use more than one agent in e-learning?

Authors:

Hua Wang,

Mark Chignell,

Mitsuru IshizukaAuthors Info & Claims

IUI '06: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces

Pages 366 - 368

https://doi.org/10.1145/1111449.1111539

Published: 29 January 2006 Publication History

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Abstract

Recent interest in the use of software character agents raises the issue of how many agents should be used in online learning. In this paper we review evidence concerning the relative effectiveness of multi-agent systems and introduce a multiple agent system that we have developed for online instruction. A user test is carried out that compares one and two agent versions of the learning system. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for selecting when and how more than one agent should be used in online learning. We conclude with some recommendations on when multiple agents may help online learners to interact with the learning environment more easily and efficiently.

References

[1]

Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L., Vilhjsson, H., and Yan, H. "Conversation as a System Framework: Designing Embodied Conversational Agents", in Cassell, J. et al. (eds.), Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999.

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[2]

Craig, S. D, Gholson, B., Garzon, M., Hu, X., Marks, W., Wiemer- Hastings, P. and Lu, Z. Auto Tutor and Otto Tudor. In AIED-Workshop on Animated and Personified Pedagogical Agents, 25--30. Le Mans, France, 1999.

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Nass, C., K. Isbister, and Lee, E. 1999. Truth is beauty: Researching embodied conversational agents, 1999.

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[4]

Prendinger, H., Descamps, S. and Ishizuka, M. MPML: A markup language for controlling the behavior of life-like characters. Journal of Visual Languages.

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Index Terms

Are two talking heads better than one?: when should use more than one agent in e-learning?
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI theory, concepts and models
    2. Interaction paradigms
  2. Interaction design
    1. Interaction design theory, concepts and paradigms

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

IUI '06: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces

January 2006

392 pages

ISBN:1595932879

DOI:10.1145/1111449

General Chairs:
Ernest Edmonds
University of Technology Sydney, Australia
,
Doug Riecken
IBM Watson Research, USA
,
Program Chairs:
Cécile L. Paris
CSIRO ICT Centre, Australia
,
Candace L. Sidner
MERL, USA

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 29 January 2006

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IUI06

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IUI06: 11th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

January 29 - February 1, 2006

Sydney, Australia

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Overall Acceptance Rate 746 of 2,811 submissions, 27%

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Index Terms

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