Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/1146598.1146670acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication Pagesdg-oConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Policy through software defaults

Published: 21 May 2006 Publication History

Abstract

As part of digital government, policymakers are increasingly considering the use software to influence societal concerns such as privacy, freedom of speech, and intellectual property protection. A necessary step is deciding what the settings should be for software. In this paper, we build upon work in computer science and behavioral economics to argue how defaults in software should be set.

References

[1]
Apple Computer Inc. Apple Human Interface Guidelines, 2005.]]
[2]
Ayres, I. and Gertner, R. Filling the Gaps in Incomplete Contracts: An Economic Theory of Default Rules. Yale Law Journal, 99 (1989), 97--130.]]
[3]
Barnett, R. E. The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent. Virginia Law Review, 78 (1992), 821--911.]]
[4]
Bellman, S., Johnson, E. J. and Lohse, G. L. To Opt-In or Opt-Out? It Depends on the Question. Communications of the ACM, 44, 2 (2001), 25--27.]]
[5]
CNN. Microsoft, RealNetworks Battle, 2002.]]
[6]
Coase, R. The Problem of Social Cost. Journal of Law and Economics, 4 (1960), 1--44.]]
[7]
Cranor, L., Guduru, P. and Arjula, M. User Interfaces for Privacy Agents. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (Forthcoming).]]
[8]
Fowler, S. L. and Stanwick, V. R. GUI Style Guide. AP Professional, Boston, MA, 1995.]]
[9]
Grimmelmann, J. Regulation by Software. Yale Law Journal, 114 (2005), 1719--1758.]]
[10]
Herbert, D. Netscape in Talks with AOL, 1998.]]
[11]
Johnson, E. J. and Goldstein, D. Do Defaults Save Lives? Science, 302 (2003), 1338--1339.]]
[12]
Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L. and Thaler, R. H. The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5, 1 (1991), 193--206.]]
[13]
Kelsey, D. Almost No One Rejects Cookies Newsbytes, 2001.]]
[14]
Kesan, J. P. and Shah, R. C. Shaping Code. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 18, 2 (2005), 319--399.]]
[15]
Korobkin, R. Endowment Effect and Legal Analysis. Northwestern University Law Review, 97 (2003), 1227--1293.]]
[16]
Lessig, L. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. Basic Books, New York, 1999.]]
[17]
Madrian, B. and Shea, D. F. The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (2001), 1149--1525.]]
[18]
National Cyber Security Alliance and America Online. Online Safety Study, 2004.]]
[19]
Orlowski, A. Why Real Sued Microsoft, 2003.]]
[20]
Posner, R. A. Economic Analysis of Law. Aspen Law & Business, New York, 2003.]]
[21]
Preece, J., Rogers, Y., Sharp, H., Benyon, D., Holland, S. and Carey, T. Human-Computer Interaction. Addison-Wesley, Wokingham, UK, 1994.]]
[22]
Ritov, I. and Baron, J. Status-quo and Omission Biases. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 1 (1992), 49--61.]]
[23]
Samuelson, W. and Zeckhauser, R. Status Quo Bias in Decision Making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1, 1 (1988), 7--59.]]
[24]
Schwartz, A. and Scott, R. E. Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law. Yale Law Journal, 113 (2003), 541--601.]]
[25]
Shah, R. C. and Kesan, J. P. Manipulating the Governance Characteristics of Code. Info, 5, 4 (2003), 3--9.]]
[26]
Shah, R. C. and Sandvig, C., Software Defaults as De Facto Regulation: The Case of Wireless Access Points. in Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, (Washington, DC, 2005).]]
[27]
Sunstein, C. R. Switching the Default Rule. New York University Law Review, 77 (2002), 106--134.]]
[28]
Sunstein, C. R. and Thaler, R. H. Libertarian Paternalism is Not an Oxymoron. University of Chicago Law Review, 70, 4 (2003), 1159--1202.]]
[29]
Thaler, R. H. and Benartzi, S. Save More Tomorrow: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112, S1 (2004), S164--S167.]]
[30]
Wegert, T. The Web Cookie is Crumbling -- and Marketers Feel the Fallout Globe and Mail, 2005.]]

Cited By

View all
  • (2022)Transparent by choice: Proactive disclosures increase compliance with digital defaultsFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2022.98149713Online publication date: 6-Oct-2022
  • (2020)Exploring the Effects of Aggregation Choices on Untrained Visualization Users' Generalizations From DataComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1390239:6(33-48)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2020
  • (2019)Digital nudging and privacy: improving decisions about self-disclosure in social networksBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2019.158464440:1(1-19)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2019
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Policy through software defaults

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    dg.o '06: Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Digital government research
    May 2006
    526 pages

    Sponsors

    • NSF: National Science Foundation

    Publisher

    Digital Government Society of North America

    Publication History

    Published: 21 May 2006

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. code
    2. defaults
    3. digital government
    4. law
    5. regulation

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Conference

    dg.o '06
    Sponsor:
    • NSF
    dg.o '06: Digital government research
    May 21 - 24, 2006
    California, San Diego, USA

    Acceptance Rates

    dg.o '06 Paper Acceptance Rate 20 of 58 submissions, 34%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 150 of 271 submissions, 55%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)4
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 30 Sep 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2022)Transparent by choice: Proactive disclosures increase compliance with digital defaultsFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2022.98149713Online publication date: 6-Oct-2022
    • (2020)Exploring the Effects of Aggregation Choices on Untrained Visualization Users' Generalizations From DataComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1390239:6(33-48)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2020
    • (2019)Digital nudging and privacy: improving decisions about self-disclosure in social networksBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2019.158464440:1(1-19)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2019
    • (2015)Comparing the Configuration of Privacy Settings on Social Network Sites Based on Different Default OptionsProceedings of the 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences10.1109/HICSS.2015.416(3453-3462)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2015
    • (2015)Pros and Cons of Privacy by DefaultProceedings of the 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences10.1109/HICSS.2015.211(1750-1756)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2015
    • (2015)Configuration Behavior of Restrictive Default Privacy Settings on Social Network SitesData Privacy Management, Autonomous Spontaneous Security, and Security Assurance10.1007/978-3-319-17016-9_6(77-94)Online publication date: 28-Mar-2015

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media