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Table-GPT: Table Fine-tuned GPT for Diverse Table Tasks

Published: 30 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Language models, such as GPT-3 and ChatGPT, demonstrate remarkable abilities to follow diverse human instructions and perform a wide range of tasks, using instruction fine-tuning. However, when we test language models with a range of basic table-understanding tasks, we observe that today's language models are still sub-optimal in many table-related tasks, likely because they are pre-trained predominantly on one-dimensional natural-language texts, whereas relational tables are two-dimensional objects. In this work, we propose a new "\emphtable fine-tuning '' paradigm, where we continue to train/fine-tune language models like GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT, using diverse table-tasks synthesized from real tables as training data, which is analogous to "instruction fine-tuning'', but with the goal of enhancing language models' ability to understand tables and perform table tasks. We show that our resulting \sys models demonstrate: (1) better table-understanding capabilities, by consistently outperforming the vanilla GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT, on a wide range of table tasks (data transformation, data cleaning, data profiling, data imputation, table-QA, etc.), including tasks that are completely holdout and unseen during training, and (2) strong generalizability, in its ability to respond to diverse human instructions to perform new and unseen table-tasks, in a manner similar to GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT. Our code and data have been released at https://github.com/microsoft/Table-GPT for future research.

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    cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data
    Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data  Volume 2, Issue 3
    SIGMOD
    June 2024
    1953 pages
    EISSN:2836-6573
    DOI:10.1145/3670010
    Issue’s Table of Contents
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    Published: 30 May 2024
    Published in PACMMOD Volume 2, Issue 3

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    Author Tags

    1. instruction fine-tuning
    2. language models
    3. model generalizability
    4. multi-task training
    5. synthesized training data
    6. table fine-tuning
    7. table models
    8. table tasks
    9. unseen tasks

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    • (2024)IterClean: An Iterative Data Cleaning Framework with Large Language ModelsProceedings of the ACM Turing Award Celebration Conference - China 202410.1145/3674399.3674436(100-105)Online publication date: 5-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Graph Neural Network Approach to Semantic Type Detection in TablesAdvances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining10.1007/978-981-97-2266-2_10(121-133)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2024

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