Abstract
Multi-hop data transmission in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is mostly affected by vehicle’s mobility, intermittent connection, insufficient bandwidth, and multichannel switching. Geographic routing technique in cognitive vehicular ad hoc network (CR-VANET) resolves bandwidth scarcity and connectivity issues simultaneously. The proposed QoS aware stochastic relaxation approach (QASRA) is a geographic routing protocol that additionally performs network exploration under inappropriate connectivity and exploits the already existing valid solutions while discovering routes in urban CR-VANET. The candidate forwarders are prioritized depending upon their closeness from destination, relative velocity from sender, and their street efficiency in terms of connectivity and delay. Transmission is done over minimally occupied cognitive or service channels. Different sets of experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of growing vehicular density, primary users (PUs) and CBR connection pairs in an urban scenario. The simulation on NS-2.24 platform demonstrates that at higher velocities, that are in between 20 and 60 km/hr, the average packet delivery ratio (PDR) is 60% when the density of vehicles were altered, 63.6% when PU’s count is changed and 69% when number of CBR connection pair is varied. The average end-to-end delay is 1.03 s when the density of vehicles is altered, 0.734 when PU’s count is changed and, 0.756 when number of CBR connection pair is varied. The average PU’s success ratio is 68.4% when density of vehicles were changed, 61.4% when PU’s count is changed and, 64.4% when the number of CBR connection pairs is varied. The analysis done through simulation demonstrates that a successful delivery of both secondary and primary users is achieved in minimum time when compared with other traditional methods.
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Srivastava, A., Prakash, A. & Tripathi, R. QoS aware stochastic relaxation approach in multichannel CR-VANET: a junction-centric geographic routing protocol. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 14, 11103–11121 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04391-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04391-x