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Modified 3D Graphene-Au as a Novel Sensing Layer for Direct and Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Carbaryl Pesticide in Fruit, Vegetable, and Water Samples

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Abstract

A novel, sensitive, and selective electrochemical sensor has been fabricated for the determination of 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl) as an important pesticide. Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) was synthesized by using thiourea as the crosslinking agent that simultaneously caused impregnation of sulfur and nitrogen functional groups onto the graphene. Graphene doped with S and N atoms was modified by gold nanoparticles. The obtained 3DG-Au nanocomposite was used for the determination of carbaryl by differential pulse voltammetry. Different experimental parameters such as pH, type of electrolyte, accumulation time, and accumulation potential were optimized. Under optimal conditions, a linear response was achieved in the range of 0.004–0.3 μM of carbaryl with a detection limit of 0.0012 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor demonstrated suitable selectivity, stability, and reproducibility through its successful application for the determination of carbaryl in fruit, vegetable, and water samples with good recoveries.

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Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge the laboratory supports provided by the Research Council of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran

    Turaj Rahmani

  2. Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hasan Bagheri

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Dasht-e Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran

    Mohammad Behbahani

  4. Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria

    Ali Hajian

  5. Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Abbas Afkhami

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  1. Turaj Rahmani
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  2. Hasan Bagheri
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  4. Ali Hajian
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  5. Abbas Afkhami
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Correspondence to Hasan Bagheri.

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Turaj Rahmani declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hasan Bagheri declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mohammad Behbahani declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ali Hajian declares that he has no conflict of interest. Abbas Afkhami declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Rahmani, T., Bagheri, H., Behbahani, M. et al. Modified 3D Graphene-Au as a Novel Sensing Layer for Direct and Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Carbaryl Pesticide in Fruit, Vegetable, and Water Samples. Food Anal. Methods 11, 3005–3014 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1280-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1280-4

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