Abstract
Background
Azospirillum spp. are the most studied plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The genus represents a common model for plant-bacteria interactions. This genus was initially isolated and tested on cereals and was subsequently commercialized.
Aims
Despite claims of plant specificity, particularly towards cereals, data over the past 40 years does not appear to substantiate claims of such specificity/affinity of Azospirillum species. Consequently an evaluation of the specificity/affinity of the genus Azospirillum across all plants, in general, and cereals, in particular, was undertaken.
Results
Although the majority of studies focused on cereals, Azospirillum spp. increase growth of 113 plant species across 35 botanical families, including 14 species of cereals. Amongst Azospirillum spp., several well studied strains have been effective in several plant species, making these organisms potentially valuable for further study.
Conclusions
This review demonstrates that azospirilla are not cereal-specific at the genus and species levels. Azospirillum serves as a general PGPB to every plant species tested so far. Given the paucity of widespread screening, affinity of strains to a plant genotype, cultivar, or plant species cannot be overruled. Definitive conclusions concerning such specificity require molecular and cross-inoculation studies, using various strains of bacteria, and re-isolation after growth of the plants in different plant species. (203 words).
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Acknowledgments
We thank Manuel Moreno of CIBNOR, Mexico for drawing the figure, AM Babey at the University of New England, Australia and Ira Fogel of CIBNOR Mexico for providing English and editorial suggestions. This study was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT-Basic Science-2009, contract 164548) and time for writing by The Bashan Foundation, USA. This is contribution 2015–006 from the Bashan Institute of Science, USA.
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Responsible Editor: Philippe Hinsinger.
DedicationThis study is dedicated to the memory of the Israeli soil microbiologist Prof. Yigal Henis (1926–2010) of the Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Rehovot, Israel, one of the pioneers of research of Azospirillum.
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Pereg, L., de-Bashan, L.E. & Bashan, Y. Assessment of affinity and specificity of Azospirillum for plants. Plant Soil 399, 389–414 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2778-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2778-9