Abstract
A tunable high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented along with its application in the implementation of a Gm-C filter. The OTA is tuned by varying the negative resistance produced by a positive feedback at the output. Post-layout simulation results (using TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology and a 1-V supply voltage) show that the differential DC gain, common-mode gain and OTA unity gain frequency are 34 dB, −26 dB and 10 GHz, respectively. Moreover, for precise control of filter performance, an auto-tuning circuit is presented to adjust the filter cutoff frequency at low power consumption (i.e., 0.6 mW, about 16.3% of the total circuit power consumption). The filter has a cutoff frequency of 1 GHz with a group delay variation less than 6% up to 1.3 fc. The size of filter is 0.040 × 0.023mm2 and the third order intermodulation (IM3) value at cutoff frequency is −37 dB. The Monte Carlo simulation results are presented for predicting the manufacturing process errors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Galan, J., Pedro, M., Sanchez-Rodriguez, T., Munoz, F., Carvajal, R. G., & Lopez-Martin, A. (2013). A very linear low-pass filter with automatic frequency tuning. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) System, 21(1), 182–187.
Abdulaziz, M., Ahmad, W., Tormanen, M., & Sjoland, H. (2017). A linearization technique for differential OTAs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, 64(9), 1002–1006.
Rezaei, F. (2017). Linearity enhancement in the entire tuning range of CMOS OTA using a new tune compensated source degeneration technique. Microelectronics Journal, 66, 128–135.
Gak, J., Miguez, M. R., & Arnaud, A. (2014). Nanopower OTAs with improved linearity and low input offset using bulk degeneration. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I, 61(3), 689–698.
Nauta, B. (1992). A CMOS transconductance-C filter technique for very high frequencies. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 27(2), 142–153.
Rezaei, F., & Azhari, S. J. (2015). A new controllable adaptive biasing linearization technique for a CMOS OTA and its application to tunable Gm-C filter design. Microelectronics Journal, 46, 810–818.
Mincey, J. S., Briseno-Vidrios, C., Silva-Martinez, J., & Rodenbeck, C. T. (2017). Low-power Gm-C filter employing current-reuse differential difference amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, 64(2), 635–639.
Sharan, T., Chetri, P., & Bhadauria, V. (2018). Ultra-low-power bulk-driven fully differential subthreshold OTAs with partial positive feedback for Gm-C filters. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 94(3), 427–447.
Kumar, T. B., Kar, S. K., & Boolchandani, D. (2020). A wide linear range CMOS OTA and its application in continuous-time filters applications. Springer, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 103, 283–290.
Lo, T. Y., & Hung, C. C. (2011). A 1 GHz equiripple low-pass filter with a high-speed automatic tuning scheme. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 19(2), 175–181.
Abdolmaleki, M., Dousti, M., & Tavakoli, M. B. (2019). Design and simulation of tunable low-pass Gm-C filter with 1 GHz cutoff frequency based on CMOS inverters for high speed telecommunication applications. Springer, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 100(2), 279–286.
Rodovalho, L.H. (2020). Push–pull based operational transconductor amplifier topologies for ultra low voltage supplies. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 1–14.
Sharan, T., & Bhadauria, V. (2016). Sub-threshold, cascode compensated, bulk-driven OTAs with enhanced gain and phase-margin. Microelectronics Journal, 54, 150–165.
Ghaemnia, A., & Hashemipour, O. (2019). An ultra-low power high gain CMOS OTA for biomedical applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 99(3), 529–537.
Garradhi, K., Hassen, N., Ettaghzouti, T., & Besbes, K. (2018). Realization of current-mode biquadratic filter employing multiple output OTAs and MO-CCII. AUE, 83, 168–179.
Li, Y., Wang, C., Zhu, B., & Hu, Z. (2017). Universal current-mode filters based on OTA and MO-CCCA. IETE Journal of Research, 64(6), 897–906.
Bashir, M., Patri, S. R., & KrishanPrasad, K. S. R. (2017). 0.5 V, high gain two stage operational amplifier with enhanced transconductance. International Journal of Electronics Letters, 6(1), 80–89.
Elamien, M. B., & Mahmoud, S. A. (2018). On the design of highly linear CMOS digitally programmable operational transconductance amplifiers for low and high-frequency applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 97(2), 225–241.
Silva-Martinez, J., Adut, J., Rocha-Perez, J. M., Robinson, M., & Rokhsaz, S. (2003). A 60 mW, 200 MHz continuous-time seventh-order linear phase filter with on-chip automatic tuning system. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 38(2), 216–225.
Lechevallier, J., Struiksma, R., Sherry, H., Catheli, A., Klumperink, E, & Nauta, B. (2015). A forward-body-bias tuned 450 MHz Gm-C 3rd-order low-pass filter in 28 nm UTBB FD-SOI with >1dBVp IIP3 over a 0.7-to-1V supply. in IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference-(ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdolmaleki, M., Dousti, M. & Tavakoli, M.B. Design and simulation of fourth order low-pass Gm-C filter with novel auto-tuning circuit in 90 nm CMOS. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 107, 451–461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01785-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01785-9