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Unsteady mixed convective stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid in porous medium

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Abstract

A new kind of heat transfer fluid called hybrid nanofluid was introduced to enhance the performance of heat exchangers. The flow behavior may be investigated numerically to better comprehend the fluid features. This investigation aspires to unravel the boundary layer flow problem near the stagnation point of unsteady hybrid nanofluid. Such fluid is saturated in a porous medium on a vertical plate with the exertion of mixed convection. The governing model of the flow problem in the form of partial differential equations is simplified into ordinary differential equations by incorporating the appropriate similarity transformation. A built-in finite difference code in MATLAB known as boundary value problem of fourth-order code (bvp4c) is employed to solve the flow problem and execute the numerical solutions. The dual solutions generated by the solver necessitate the implementation of stability analysis, where this analysis indicates only the first solution is stable. As per stable solution, the heat transfer is augmented when the volume concentration of copper is increasingly added to the alumina–water nanofluid suspension. The conversion of the fluid state from laminar to turbulent also can be prevented with the inclusion of a suitable higher volume concentration of copper. The higher value of the first and second resistant parameters due to porous media is considered in this investigation which concludes that these parameters aid in improving the heat transfer and skin friction rates. This investigation has proven hybrid nanofluid's ability to reinforce the heat transfer with the embedment of a porous medium.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, and the support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) in the form of Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (KPTFRGS/1/2019/STG06/IPM/02/3, Vot 5540309) and MyBrainSc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nur Syahirah Wahid, Norihan Md Arifin & Norfifah Bachok

  2. Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Norihan Md Arifin & Norfifah Bachok

  3. Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

    Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie

  4. Department of Mathematics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania

    Ioan Pop

  5. Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Ezad Hafidz Hafidzuddin

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  1. Nur Syahirah Wahid
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Contributions

Nur Syahirah Wahid contributed to investigation, software, formal analysis, validation, writing—review and editing, and visualization. Norihan Md Arifin contributed to validation, supervision, and funding acquisition. Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing. Ioan Pop contributed to conceptualization, methodology, and supervision. Norfifah Bachok and Mohd Ezad Hafidz Hafidzuddin contributed to supervision and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nur Syahirah Wahid.

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Wahid, N.S., Arifin, N.M., Khashi’ie, N.S. et al. Unsteady mixed convective stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid in porous medium. Neural Comput & Applic 34, 14699–14715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07323-0

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