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Subcellular and tissue localization of NAD kinases from Arabidopsis: compartmentalization of de novo NADP biosynthesis

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Abstract

The de novo biosynthesis of the triphosphopyridine NADP is catalyzed solely by the ubiquitous NAD kinase family. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains two genes encoding NAD+ kinases (NADKs), annotated as NADK1, NADK2, and one gene encoding a NADH kinase, NADK3, the latter isoform preferring NADH as a substrate. Here, we examined the tissue-specific and developmental expression patterns of the three NADKs using transgenic plants stably transformed with NADK promoter::glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene constructs. We observed distinct spatial and temporal patterns of GUS activity among the NADK::GUS plants. All three NADK::GUS transgenes were expressed in reproductive tissue, whereas NADK1::GUS activity was found mainly in the roots, NADK2::GUS in leaves, and NADK3::GUS was restricted primarily to leaf vasculature and lateral root primordia. We also examined the subcellular distribution of the three NADK isoforms using NADK–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins expressed transiently in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells. NADK1 and NADK2 were found to be localized to the cytosol and plastid stroma, respectively, consistent with previous work, whereas NADK3 localized to the peroxisomal matrix via a novel type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal. The specific subcellular and tissue distribution profiles among the three NADK isoforms and their possible non-overlapping roles in NADP(H) biosynthesis in plant cells are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Frederica Brandizzi for the kind gift of the pVK18 binary vector. This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) to W.A.S. and R.T.M. J.C.W. was funded through a Premier’s Research Excellence Award (recipient, W.S.). P. K. Dhanoa was funded by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship.

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Author notes

  1. Jeffrey C. Waller

    Present address: Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0690, USA

  2. Uwe Schumann

    Present address: Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung (IMCAR), Universistätklinikum Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada

    Jeffrey C. Waller & Wayne A. Snedden

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Preetinder K. Dhanoa, Uwe Schumann & Robert T. Mullen

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Correspondence to Wayne A. Snedden.

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In this article, NAD(P) is used to denote NAD or NADP without regard to its reduction status or in cases where the distinction between the two forms is unnecessary (e.g. NADP/NAD ratios). NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H are used to make specific reference to the oxidized forms and reduced forms, respectively.

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Waller, J.C., Dhanoa, P.K., Schumann, U. et al. Subcellular and tissue localization of NAD kinases from Arabidopsis: compartmentalization of de novo NADP biosynthesis. Planta 231, 305–317 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1047-7

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