Abstract
DICER1 syndrome is a rare tumor predisposition syndrome with manifestations that predominantly affect children and young adults. The syndrome is typically caused by heterozygous germline loss-of-function DICER1 alterations accompanied on the other allele by somatic missense mutations occurring at one of a few mutation hotspots within the sequence encoding the RNase IIIb domain. DICER1 encodes a member of the microRNA biogenesis machinery. The syndrome spectrum is highly pleiotropic and features a unique constellation of benign and malignant neoplastic and dysplastic lesions. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), the most common primary lung cancer in children, is the hallmark tumor of the syndrome. Other manifestations include ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, cystic nephroma arising in childhood, multinodular goiter, thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, in addition to other rare entities. Several central nervous system (CNS) manifestations have also been defined, including metastases of PPB to the cerebrum, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, and most recently primary DICER1-associated CNS sarcomas and ETMR-like infantile cerebellar embryonal tumor. Macrocephaly is a recently reported non-neoplastic, haploinsufficient phenotype. In this manuscript, we review the CNS manifestations of DICER1 syndrome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aksoy BA, Jacobsen A, Fieldhouse RJ, Lee W, Demir E, Ciriello G et al (2014) Cancer-associated recurrent mutations in RNase III domains of DICER1. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/005686
Alexandrescu S, Vargas S (2017) DSS Case 2017-9 Cerebral Sarcoma. Presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of Neuropathologists, Diagnostic Slide Session, Garden Grove, CA June 8–11, 2017 Meeting Program p 92
Apellaniz-Ruiz M, de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Guaraldi F, Ghizzoni L, Beccuti G et al (2018) Familial multinodular goiter and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors associated with a large intragenic in-frame DICER1 deletion. Eur J Endocrinol 178:K11–K19. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0904
Brenneman M, Field A, Yang J, Williams G, Doros L, Rossi C Jet al (2018) Temporal order of RNase IIIb and loss-of-function mutations during development determines phenotype in pleuropulmonary blastoma/DICER1 syndrome: a unique variant of the two-hit tumor suppression model [version 2; referees: 2 approved]. F1000 Research 4: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6746.2
Broughton WL, Zimmerman LE (1978) A clinicopathologic study of 56 cases of intraocular medulloepitheliomas. Am J Ophthalmol 85:407–418
Chong AS, Fahiminiya S, Strother D, Priest J, Albrecht S, Rivera B et al (2018) Revisiting pleuropulmonary blastoma and atypical choroid plexus papilloma in a young child: DICER1 syndrome or not? Pediatr Blood Cancer 65:e27294. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27294
Cross SF, Arbuckle S, Priest JR, Marshall G, Charles A, Dalla Pozza L (2010) Familial pleuropulmonary blastoma in Australia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 55:1417–1419. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22592
Cuccia V, Rodriguez F, Palma F, Zuccaro G (2006) Pinealoblastomas in children. Childs Nerv Syst 22:577–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-006-0095-6
de Kock L, Boshari T, Martinelli F, Wojcik E, Niedziela M, Foulkes WD (2016) Adult-onset cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and DICER1 mutations. J Low Genit Tract Dis 20:e8–e10. https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0000000000000149
de Kock L, Geoffrion D, Rivera B, Wagener R, Sabbaghian N, Bens S et al (2018) Multiple DICER1-related tumors in a child with a large interstitial 14q32 deletion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 57:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22523
de Kock L, Hillmer M, Wagener R, Bouron-Dal Soglio D, Sabbaghian N, Siebert R et al (2018) Letter to the editor: further evidence that full gene deletions of DICER1 predispose to DICER1 syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (in press)
de Kock L, Rivera B, Revil T, Thorner P, Goudie C, Bouron-Dal Soglio D et al (2017) Sequencing of DICER1 in sarcomas identifies biallelic somatic DICER1 mutations in an adult-onset embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Br J Cancer 116:1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.147
de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Druker H, Weber E, Hamel N, Miller S et al (2014) Germ-line and somatic DICER1 mutations in pineoblastoma. Acta Neuropathol 128:583–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-014-1318-7
de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Plourde F, Srivastava A, Weber E, Bouron-Dal Soglio D et al (2014) Pituitary blastoma: a pathognomonic feature of germ-line DICER1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol 128:111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-014-1285-z
de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Bouron-Dal Soglio D, Guillerman RP, Park BK, Chami R et al (2014) Exploring the association between DICER1 mutations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E1072–E1077. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-4206
de Kock L, Wang YC, Revil T, Badescu D, Rivera B, Sabbaghian N et al (2016) High-sensitivity sequencing reveals multi-organ somatic mosaicism causing DICER1 syndrome. J Med Genet 53:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103428
Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Schultz KA, Williams GM, Wikenheiser-Brokamp K, Hill DA (2015) Pleuropulmonary blastoma: evolution of an entity as an entry into a familial tumor predisposition syndrome. Pediatr Dev Pathol 18:504–511. https://doi.org/10.2350/15-10-1732-oa.1
Dishop MK, Kuruvilla S (2008) Primary and metastatic lung tumors in the pediatric population: a review and 25-year experience at a large children’s hospital. Arch Pathol Lab Med 132:1079–1103. https://doi.org/10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132%5b1079:Pamlti%5d2.0.Co;2
Durieux E, Descotes F, Nguyen AM, Grange JD, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M (2015) Somatic DICER1 gene mutation in sporadic intraocular medulloepithelioma without pleuropulmonary blastoma syndrome. Hum Pathol 46:783–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2015.01.020
Fauchon F, Jouvet A, Paquis P, Saint-Pierre G, Mottolese C, Ben Hassel M et al (2000) Parenchymal pineal tumors: a clinicopathological study of 76 cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:959–968
Foulkes WD, Priest JR, Duchaine TF (2014) DICER1: mutations, microRNAs and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 14:662–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3802
Fremerey J, Balzer S, Brozou T, Schaper J, Borkhardt A, Kuhlen M (2017) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient with a heterozygous frameshift variant in the DICER1 gene and additional manifestations of the DICER1 syndrome. Fam Cancer 16:401–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10689-016-9958-5
Gresh R, Piatt J, Walter A (2015) A report of a child with a pituitary blastoma and DICER1 syndrome. 2015 ASPHO Abstracts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 62:S72–S73. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25540
Ha M, Kim VN (2014) Regulation of microRNA biogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15:509–524. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3838
Herriges JC, Brown S, Longhurst M, Ozmore J, Moeschler JB, Janze A et al (2018) Identification of two 14q32 deletions involving DICER1 associated with the development of DICER1-related tumors. Eur J Med Genet. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.04.011(Epub ahead of print)
Hill DA, Ivanovich J, Priest JR, Gurnett CA, Dehner LP, Desruisseau D et al (2009) DICER1 mutations in familial pleuropulmonary blastoma. Science 325:965. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1174334
Huryn LA, Turriff A, Harney LA, Carr AG, Chevez-Barrios P, Gombos DS et al (2018) DICER1 syndrome: characterization of the ocular phenotype in a family-based cohort study. Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.09.038
Kaliki S, Shields CL, Eagle RC Jr, Vemuganti GK, Almeida A, Manjandavida FP et al (2013) Ciliary body medulloepithelioma: analysis of 41 cases. Ophthalmology 120:2552–2559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.05.015
Kalinin A, Strebkova N, Tiulpakov A, Vasiliev E, Petrov V, Kolodkina A et al (2017) A novel DICER1 gene mutation in a 10-month-old boy presenting with ACTH-secreting pituitary blastoma and lung cystic dysplasia. Presented at the 19th European Congress of Endocrinology 2017, Lisbon, Portugal. Endocrine Abstracts 49: EP1025
Khan NE, Bauer AJ, Doros L, Schultz KA, Decastro RM, Harney LA et al (2016) Macrocephaly associated with the DICER1 syndrome. Genet Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2016.83
Kivela T (1999) Trilateral retinoblastoma: a meta-analysis of hereditary retinoblastoma associated with primary ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 17:1829–1837
Klein S, Lee H, Ghahremani S, Kempert P, Ischander M, Teitell MA et al (2014) Expanding the phenotype of mutations in DICER1: mosaic missense mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1 cause GLOW syndrome. J Med Genet 51:294–302. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101943
Kline CN, Joseph NM, Grenert JP, van Ziffle J, Talevich E, Onodera C et al (2017) Targeted next-generation sequencing of pediatric neuro-oncology patients improves diagnosis, identifies pathogenic germline mutations, and directs targeted therapy. Neuro Oncol 19:699–709. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now254
Koelsche C, Mynarek M, Schrimpf D, Bertero L, Serrano J, Sahm F et al (2018) Primary intracranial spindle cell sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcoma-like features share a highly distinct methylation profile and DICER1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1871-6
Kramer GD, Arepalli S, Shields CL, Shields JA (2014) Ciliary body medulloepithelioma association with pleuropulmonary blastoma in a familial tumor predisposition syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 51:e48–e50. https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20140709-03
Laird PW, Grossniklaus HE, Hubbard GB (2013) Ciliary body medulloepithelioma associated with pleuropulmonary blastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-303019
Lee JC, Mazor T, Lao R, Wan E, Diallo AB, Hill NS et al (2019) Recurrent KBTBD4 small in-frame insertions and absence of DROSHA deletion or DICER1 mutation differentiate pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) from pineoblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-01990-5
Liu DJ, Perrier R, Wei XC, Joseph JT, Strother D (2016) Metachronous Type I pleuropulmonary blastoma and atypical choroid plexus papilloma in a young child. Pediatr Blood Cancer 63:2240–2242. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26160
Mamalis N, Font RL, Anderson CW, Monson MC, Williams AT (1992) Concurrent benign teratoid medulloepithelioma and pineoblastoma. Ophthalmic Surg 23:403–408
Mena H, Rushing EJ, Ribas JL, Delahunt B, McCarthy WF (1995) Tumors of pineal parenchymal cells: a correlation of histological features, including nucleolar organizer regions, with survival in 35 cases. Hum Pathol 26:20–30
Messinger YH, Stewart DR, Priest JR, Williams GM, Harris AK, Schultz KA et al (2015) Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a report on 350 central pathology-confirmed pleuropulmonary blastoma cases by the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Cancer 121:276–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29032
Minoda K, Hirose Y, Sugano I, Nagao K, Kitahara K (1993) Occurrence of sequential intraocular tumors: malignant medulloepithelioma subsequent to retinoblastoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol 37:293–300
Northcott PA, Buchhalter I, Morrissy AS, Hovestadt V, Weischenfeldt J, Ehrenberger T et al (2017) The whole-genome landscape of medulloblastoma subtypes. Nature 547:311–317. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22973
Peshtani A, Kaliki S, Eagle RC, Shields CL (2014) Medulloepithelioma: a triad of clinical features. Oman J Ophthalmol 7:93–95. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-620x.137171
Priest JR, Andic D, Arbuckle S, Gonzalez-Gomez I, Hill DA, Williams G (2011) Great vessel/cardiac extension and tumor embolism in pleuropulmonary blastoma: a report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 56:604–609. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22583
Priest JR, Magnuson J, Williams GM, Abromowitch M, Byrd R, Sprinz P et al (2007) Cerebral metastasis and other central nervous system complications of pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 49:266–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.20937
Priest JR, McDermott MB, Bhatia S, Watterson J, Manivel JC, Dehner LP (1997) Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases. Cancer 80:147–161
Priest JR, Watterson J, Strong L, Huff V, Woods WG, Byrd RL et al (1996) Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a marker for familial disease. J Pediatr 128:220–224
Priest JR, Williams GM, Hill DA, Dehner LP, Jaffe A (2009) Pulmonary cysts in early childhood and the risk of malignancy. Pediatr Pulmonol 44:14–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.20917
Priest JR, Williams GM, Manera R, Jenkinson H, Brundler MA, Davis S et al (2011) Ciliary body medulloepithelioma: four cases associated with pleuropulmonary blastoma—a report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Br J Ophthalmol 95:1001–1005. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2010.189779
Pugh TJ, Morozova O, Attiyeh EF, Asgharzadeh S, Wei JS, Auclair D et al (2013) The genetic landscape of high-risk neuroblastoma. Nat Genet 45:279–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2529
Pugh TJ, Yu W, Yang J, Field AL, Ambrogio L, Carter SL et al (2014) Exome sequencing of pleuropulmonary blastoma reveals frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and two hits in DICER1 resulting in retention of 5p-derived miRNA hairpin loop sequences. Oncogene 33:5295–5302. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.150
Rakheja D, Chen KS, Liu Y, Shukla AA, Schmid V, Chang TC et al (2014) Somatic mutations in DROSHA and DICER1 impair microRNA biogenesis through distinct mechanisms in Wilms tumours. Nat Commun 2:4802. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5802
Raleigh DR, Solomon DA, Lloyd SA, Lazar A, Garcia MA, Sneed PK et al (2017) Histopathologic review of pineal parenchymal tumors identifies novel morphologic subtypes and prognostic factors for outcome. Neuro Oncol 19:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now105
Ramasubramanian A, Correa ZM, Augsburger JJ, Sisk RA, Plager DA (2013) Medulloepithelioma in DICER1 syndrome treated with resection. Eye 27:896–897. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2013.87
Sabbaghian N, Hamel N, Srivastava A, Albrecht S, Priest JR, Foulkes WD (2012) Germline DICER1 mutation and associated loss of heterozygosity in a pineoblastoma. J Med Genet 49:417–419. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100898
Sabbaghian N, Srivastava A, Hamel N, Plourde F, Gajtko-Metera M, Niedziela M et al (2014) Germ-line deletion in DICER1 revealed by a novel MLPA assay using synthetic oligonucleotides. Eur J Hum Genet 22:564–567. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.215
Sahakitrungruang T, Srichomthong C, Pornkunwilai S, Amornfa J, Shuangshoti S, Kulawonganunchai S et al. (2014) Germline and somatic DICER1 mutations in a pituitary blastoma causing infantile-onset Cushing’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E1487–E1492. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1016
Sahm F, Jakobiec FA, Meyer J, Schrimpf D, Eberhart CG, Hovestadt V et al (2016) Somatic mutations of DICER1 and KMT2D are frequent in intraocular medulloepitheliomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 55:418–427. https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22344
Saunders T, Margo CE (2012) Intraocular medulloepithelioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 136:212–216. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0669-RS
Scheithauer BW, Horvath E, Abel TW, Robital Y, Park SH, Osamura RY et al (2012) Pituitary blastoma: a unique embryonal tumor. Pituitary 15:365–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-011-0328-x
Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Kim DS, Osamura RY, Ketterling RP et al (2008) Pituitary blastoma. Acta Neuropathol 116:657–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-008-0388-9
Schultz KAP, Williams GM, Kamihara J, Stewart DR, Harris AK, Bauer AJ et al (2018) DICER1 and associated conditions: Identification of at-risk individuals and recommended surveillance strategies. Clin Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3089
Seki M, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Shimamura T, Sato Y, Nishimura R et al (2014) Biallelic DICER1 mutations in sporadic pleuropulmonary blastoma. Cancer Res 74:2742–2749. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2470
Shields JA, Eagle RC Jr, Shields CL, Singh AD, Robitaille J (2002) Pigmented medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body. Arch Ophthalmol 120:207–210
Shields JA, Eagle RC Jr, Shields CL, Potter PD (1996) Congenital neoplasms of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (medulloepithelioma). Ophthalmology 103:1998–2006
Shields JA, Shields CL (1999) Atlas of intraocular tumors. LWW. ISBN-10: 078171916X
Slade I, Bacchelli C, Davies H, Murray A, Abbaszadeh F, Hanks S et al (2011) DICER1 syndrome: clarifying the diagnosis, clinical features and management implications of a pleiotropic tumour predisposition syndrome. J Med Genet 48:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.083790
Snuderl M, Kannan K, Aminova O, Dolgalev I, Heguy A, Faustin A et al (2015) MB-17 novel candidate oncogenic drivers in pineoblastoma. Neuro Oncol 17:iii23. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov061.93
Stewart DR, Best AF, Williams GM, Harney LA, Carr AG, Harris AK et al (2019) Neoplasm risk among individuals with a pathogenic germline variant in DICER1. J Clin Oncol 37:668–676. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.78.4678
Tan Kendrick A (2004) Cerebral metastasis proven 1 year after an embolic cerebral infarct from pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Radiol 34:283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-003-1105-4
Tan Kendrick AP, Krishnamurthy G, Joseph VT (2003) Pleuropulmonary blastoma with a large embolic cerebral infarct. Pediatr Radiol 33:506–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-003-0926-5
Uro-Coste E, Masliah-Planchon J, Siegfried A, Blanluet M, Lambo S, Kool M et al (2018) ETMR-like infantile cerebellar embryonal tumors in the extended morphologic spectrum of DICER1-related tumors. Acta Neuropathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1935-7
van der Tuin K, de Kock L, Kamping EJ, Hannema SE, Pouwels MM, Niedziela M et al (2018) Clinical and molecular characteristics may alter treatment strategies of thyroid malignancies in DICER1-syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00774
van Engelen K, Villani A, Wasserman JD, Aronoff L, Greer MC, Tijerin Bueno M et al (2018) DICER1 syndrome: approach to testing and management at a large pediatric tertiary care center. Pediatr Blood Cancer 65:e26720. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26720
Wang Y, Chen J, Yang W, Mo F, Senz J, Yap D et al (2015) The oncogenic roles of DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations in ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Neoplasia 17:650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2015.08.003
Wasserman JD, Sabbaghian N, Fahiminiya S, Chami R, Mete O, Acker M et al (2018) DICER1 mutations are frequent in adolescent-onset papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:2009–2015. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02698
Wu MK, Vujanic GM, Fahiminiya S, Watanabe N, Thorner PS, O’Sullivan MJ et al (2018) Anaplastic sarcomas of the kidney are characterized by DICER1 mutations. Mod Pathol 31:169–178. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2017.100
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Kock, L., Priest, J.R., Foulkes, W.D. et al. An update on the central nervous system manifestations of DICER1 syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 139, 689–701 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-01997-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-01997-y