Das Afrika-Alphabet ist ein auf der lateinischen Schrift basierender Zeichensatz zur Schreibung afrikanischer Sprachen.
Das Konzept dieses Zeichensatzes wurde 1928 von dem Afrikanisten Diedrich Westermann in London vorgestellt. Er sollte für wissenschaftliche Zwecke ebenso wie für den Alltagsgebrauch taugen. Eine revidierte Fassung wurde 1930 vom Institute of African Languages and Cultures unter dem Namen Practical Orthography of African Languages vorgestellt. Das lateinische Alphabet wurde um zehn Zeichen aus dem Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA) erweitert, und hierzu wurden neue Versalien (Großbuchstaben) entwickelt.
Das Afrika-Alphabet ist stetig weiterentwickelt worden zum Afrikanischen Referenzalphabet (1978 und 1982). Die Zusatzbuchstaben sind in Unicode aufgenommen und dadurch immer besser verfügbar. Besonders in Westafrika wird das Afrika-Alphabet häufig verwendet.
Eine Schriftsippe für die meisten und am häufigsten gebrauchten Buchstaben aus dem Afrika-Alphabet sind die fc-Schriften.
Inventar Afrika-Alphabet
Buchstabe |
BJ |
BF |
CM |
CF |
TD |
CG |
CD |
GH |
GN |
CI |
KE |
LR |
ML |
MZ |
NE |
NG |
SN |
SL |
SD |
TG |
UG
|
ʼ |
U+02BC |
|
|
ʼ |
ʼ |
ʼ |
|
|
|
ʼ |
ʼ |
ʼ |
|
|
|
ʼ |
|
ʼ |
ʼ |
ʼ |
|
ʼ |
|
ʼ
|
ǎ |
U+01CE |
Ǎ |
U+01CD
|
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ǎ |
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ă |
U+0103 |
Ă |
U+0102
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ă |
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ạ |
U+1EA1 |
Ạ |
U+1EA0
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ạ |
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ɑ |
U+0251 |
Ɑ |
U+2C6D
|
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ɑ |
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à |
U+00E0 |
À |
U+00C0
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à |
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ä |
U+00E4 |
Ä |
U+00C4
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ä |
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ä
|
ā |
U+0101 |
Ā |
U+0100
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ā |
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ā |
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ḅ |
U+1E05 |
Ḅ |
U+1E04
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ḅ |
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ḅ |
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ɓ |
U+0253 |
Ɓ |
U+0181
|
ɓ |
ɓ |
ɓ |
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ɓ |
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ɓ |
ɓ |
|
ɓ |
ɓ |
ɓ |
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ć |
U+0107 |
Ć |
U+0106
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ć |
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č |
U+010D |
Č |
U+010C
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č |
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ḏ |
U+1E0F |
Ḏ |
U+1E0E
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ḏ |
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ḍ |
U+1E0D |
Ḍ |
U+1E0C
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ḍ |
|
ḍ |
ḍ |
|
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ɖ |
U+0256 |
Ɖ |
U+0189
|
ɖ |
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ɖ |
|
|
ɖ |
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|
ɖ |
|
ɗ |
U+0257 |
Ɗ |
U+018A
|
ɗ |
ɗ |
ɗ |
|
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ɗ |
|
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ɗ |
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ɗ |
ɗ |
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é |
U+00E9 |
É |
U+00C9
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é |
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ē |
U+0113 |
Ē |
U+0112
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ē |
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ɛ |
U+025B |
Ɛ |
U+0190
|
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
|
ɛ |
ɛ |
|
|
ɛ |
|
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ
|
ẹ |
U+1EB9 |
Ẹ |
U+1EB8
|
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ẹ |
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ẹ |
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ë |
U+00EB |
Ë |
U+00CB
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ë |
ë |
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ë |
|
ë |
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ə |
U+01DD |
Ǝ |
U+018E
|
ə |
ə |
ə |
|
ə |
|
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|
ə |
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ə |
|
ə |
ə |
|
ə |
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ƒ |
U+0192 |
Ƒ |
U+0191
|
ƒ |
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ƒ |
|
ɠ |
U+0260 |
Ɠ |
U+0193
|
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ɠ |
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ɣ |
U+0263 |
Ɣ |
U+0194
|
ɣ |
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ɣ |
ɣ |
|
ɣ |
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ɣ |
|
ɦ |
U+0266 |
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ɦ |
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ḥ |
U+1E25 |
Ḥ |
U+1E24
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ḥ |
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ḥ |
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ĩ |
U+0129 |
Ĩ |
U+0128
|
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ĩ |
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ị |
U+1ECB |
Ị |
U+1ECA
|
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ị |
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ị |
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ï |
U+00EF |
Ï |
U+00CF
|
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ï |
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ï |
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|
ɨ |
U+0268 |
Ɨ |
U+0197
|
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|
ɨ |
|
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|
ɨ |
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|
ɨ |
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|
ɩ |
U+0269 |
Ɩ |
U+0196
|
ɩ |
ɩ |
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|
ɩ |
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ɩ |
ɩ
|
ƙ |
U+0199 |
Ƙ |
U+0198
|
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ƙ |
ƙ |
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ḷ |
U+1E37 |
Ḷ |
U+1E36
|
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ḷ |
|
ḷ |
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ḷ |
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ṇ |
U+1E47 |
Ṇ |
U+1E46
|
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ṇ |
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ñ |
U+00F1 |
Ñ |
U+00D1
|
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ñ |
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ñ |
ñ |
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ñ |
|
ɲ |
U+0272 |
Ɲ |
U+019D
|
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ɲ |
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ɲ |
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ɲ |
|
ɲ |
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ŋ |
U+014B |
Ŋ |
U+014A
|
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
|
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
|
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ŋ
|
ó |
U+00F3 |
Ó |
U+00D3
|
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ó |
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ō |
U+014D |
Ō |
U+014C
|
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ō |
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œ |
U+0153 |
Œ |
U+0152
|
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œ |
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ø |
U+00F8 |
Ø |
U+00D8
|
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ø |
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|
ø |
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ọ |
U+1ECD |
Ọ |
U+1ECC
|
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ọ |
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ọ |
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ö |
U+00F6 |
Ö |
U+00D6
|
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ö |
ö |
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|
ö |
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|
ɔ |
U+0254 |
Ɔ |
U+0186
|
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
|
ɔ |
ɔ |
|
|
ɔ |
|
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ
|
ṕ |
U+1E55 |
Ṕ |
U+1E54
|
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ṕ |
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ɾ |
U+027E |
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ɾ |
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ɍ |
U+024C |
Ɍ |
U+024D
|
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|
ɍ |
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|
ɍ |
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š |
U+0161 |
Š |
U+0160
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š |
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š |
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ṣ |
U+1E63 |
Ṣ |
U+1E62
|
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ṣ |
|
ṣ |
ṣ |
|
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ʃ |
U+0283 |
Ʃ |
U+01A9
|
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ʃ |
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ʃ |
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ʃ
|
ṯ |
U+1E6F |
Ṯ |
U+1E6E
|
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ṯ |
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ṭ |
U+1E6D |
Ṭ |
U+1E6C
|
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ṭ |
|
ṭ |
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ū |
U+016B |
Ū |
U+016A
|
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ū |
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ű |
U+0171 |
Ű |
U+0170
|
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ű |
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|
ụ |
U+1EE5 |
Ụ |
U+1EE4
|
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ụ |
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ʉ |
U+0289 |
Ʉ |
U+0244
|
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ʉ |
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ʉ |
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ü |
U+00FC |
Ü |
U+00DC
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ü |
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ü |
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ü |
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ʌ |
U+028C |
Ʌ |
U+0245
|
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ʌ |
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ʌ |
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ʊ, ʋ |
U+028A, U+028B |
Ʊ, Ʋ |
U+01B1, U+01B2
|
ʊ |
ʊ |
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ʊ |
ʊ |
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ʊ |
ʊ
|
ŵ |
U+0175 |
Ŵ |
U+0174
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ŵ |
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ẅ |
U+1E85 |
Ẅ |
U+1E84
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ẅ |
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ƴ |
U+01B4 |
Ƴ |
U+01B3
|
ƴ |
ƴ |
ƴ |
|
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|
ƴ |
|
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|
ƴ |
|
ƴ |
|
ƴ |
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|
ƶ |
U+01B6 |
Ƶ |
U+01B5
|
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ƶ |
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ẓ |
U+1E93 |
Ẓ |
U+1E92
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|
ẓ |
|
ẓ |
ẓ |
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ʒ |
U+0292 |
Ʒ |
U+01B7
|
ʒ |
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ʒ |
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ʒ
|
ʕ |
U+0295 |
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ʕ |
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ʔ |
U+0294 |
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ʔ |
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ʔ |
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ʔ |
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Digraphen
Buchstabe |
BJ |
BF |
CM |
CF |
TD |
CG |
CD |
GH |
GN |
CI |
KE |
LR |
ML |
MZ |
NE |
NG |
SN |
SL |
SD |
TG |
UG |
|
a̱ |
A̱
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a̱ |
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bʼ |
Bʼ
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bʼ |
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ʼb |
ʼB
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ʼb |
ʼb |
|
ʼb |
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ʼb |
|
ʼb
|
chʼ |
Ch
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chʼ |
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dʼ |
Dʼ
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dʼ |
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dʼ
|
ʼd |
ʼD
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ʼd |
ʼd |
|
ʼd |
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ʼd |
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dh |
Dh
|
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dʼy |
Dʼy
|
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dʼy |
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e̱ |
E̱
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e̱ |
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|
e̱ |
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ɛ̈ |
Ɛ̈
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g̣ |
G̣
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g̣ |
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hʼ |
Hʼ
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hʼ |
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i̱ |
I̱
|
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i̱ |
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i̱ |
|
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ʼj |
ʼJ
|
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|
ʼj |
|
|
kʼ |
Kʼ
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kʼ |
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kʼw |
Kʼw
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kʼw |
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ʼl |
ʼL
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ʼl |
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mʼ |
Mʼ
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mʼ |
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ṅ |
Ṅ
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ṅ |
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nʼ |
Nʼ
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n̄ |
N̄
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n̄ |
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n̄ |
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ngʼ |
Ng
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ngʼ |
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ngʼ |
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nʼg |
Nʼg
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nʼg |
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nh |
Nh
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ny |
Ny
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o̱ |
O̱
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o̱ |
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o̱ |
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ɔ̈ |
Ɔ̈
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pʼ |
Pʼ
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pʼ |
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ʼp |
ʼP
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ʼp |
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tʼ |
Tʼ
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tʼ |
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tʼ |
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th |
Th
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tsʼ |
Ts’
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tsʼ |
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u̲ |
U̲
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u̲ |
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u̲ |
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ʼw |
ʼW
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ʼw |
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ʼw |
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ʼw |
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ʼw |
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ʼw |
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ʼy |
ʼY
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ʼy |
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ʼy |
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ʼy |
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Diakritika
U+0300 |
U+0301 |
U+0302 |
U+0303 |
U+0304 |
U+0306 |
U+0307 |
U+0308 |
U+030C |
U+0315 |
U+0323 |
U+0331 |
U+0335
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ò |
ó |
ô |
õ |
ō |
ŏ |
ȯ |
ö |
ǒ |
o̕ |
ọ |
o̱ |
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Escape-Sequenzen (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3129)
G0:
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ESC 02/08 02/01 F |
= 0x1B 0x28 0x21 |
= ESC (!
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G1:
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ESC 02/09 02/01 F |
= 0x1B 0x29 0x21 |
= ESC )!
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G2:
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ESC 02/10 02/01 F |
= 0x1B 0x2A 0x21 |
= ESC *!
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G3:
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ESC 02/11 02/01 F |
= 0x1B 0x2B 0x21 |
= ESC +!
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Escape-Sequenzen (DIN 31625)
G0:
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ESC 02/08 04/13 |
= 0x1B 0x28 0x4D |
= ESC ( M
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G1:
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ESC 02/09 04/13 |
= 0x1B 0x29 0x4D |
= ESC ) M
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G2:
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ESC 02/10 04/13 |
= 0x1B 0x2A 0x4D |
= ESC * M
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G3:
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ESC 02/11 04/13 |
= 0x1B 0x2B 0x4D |
= ESC + M
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