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Kyros-cylinderen

Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
Kyros-cylinderen, forside.
Linjer 15-21 fra cylinderen.

Kyroscylinderen (persisk: منشور کوروش) er en gammel lercylinder, nu brudt i flere stykker, på hvilken der er skrevet en erklæring med akkadisk kileskrift[1] i den achaemenidiske konge Kyros den Stores navn.[2] Den stammer fra det 6. århundrede f.Kr. og blev opdaget i 1879 i ruinerne af Babylon i Mesopotamien (det nuværende Irak).[1] Den ejes i øjeblikket af British Museum, som finansierede ekspeditionen, der opdagede cylinderen. Den blev lavet og brugt som foundation deposit efter den persiske erobring af Babylon i 539 f.Kr., hvor det Neo-Babylonske Rige blev invaderet af Kyros og indlemmet i det Persiske Rige.

Teksten på cylinderen priser Kyros, remser hans forfædre op, og fremstiller ham som en konge fra en lang linje af konger. Den babylonske konge Nabonidus, der blev besejret og afsat af Kyros, beskrives som en ugudelig undertrykker af det babylonske folk, og hans ringe herkomst fremhæves i kontrast til Kyros' kongelige oprindelse. Den sejrende Kyros beskrives som udvalgt af babyloniernes øverste gud Marduk til at genoprette lov og orden hos babylonierne. Teksten fastslår, at Kyros blev hilst velkommen af folk i Babylon som deres nye hersker og gik ind i byen i fred. Den beder Marduk om at beskytte Kyros og hans søn Kambyses 2. Kyros fremhæves om en velgører for indbyggerne i Babylonien, der har forbedret deres tilværelse, tilgivet landsforviste og restaureret templer og helligdomme i hele Mesopotamien og andre dele af riget. Den afsluttes med en beskrivelse af, hvordan Kyros reparerede byens mure og fandt en lignende inskription placeret dér af en tidligere konge.[2]

Kilder/referencer

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  1. ^ a b Dandamayev, (2010-01-26)
  2. ^ a b Kuhrt (2007), p. 70, 72

Bøger og journaler

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  • Becking, Bob (2006). ""We All Returned as One!": Critical Notes on the Myth of the Mass Return". I Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (red.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-104-7.
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  • Bidmead, Julye (2004). The Akitu Festival: Religious Continuity And Royal Legitimation In Mesopotamia. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 1-59333-158-4.
  • Briant, Pierre (2006). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbraun. ISBN 978-1-57506-120-7.
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  • Daniel, Elton L. (2000). The History of Iran. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-30731-8.
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  • Dyck, Jonathan E. (1998). The Theocratic Ideology of the Chronicler. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-11146-8.
  • Evans, Malcolm (1997). Religious Liberty and International Law in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55021-1.
  • Finkel, I.L.; Seymour, M.J. (2009). Babylon. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538540-3.
  • Fowler, Richard; Hekster, Olivier (2005). Imaginary kings: royal images in the ancient Near East, Greece and Rome. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-08765-0.
  • Free, Joseph P.; Vos, Howard Frederic (1992). Vos, Howard Frederic (red.). Archaeology and Bible history. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-47961-1.
  • Fried, Lisbeth S. (2004). The priest and the great king: temple-palace relations in the Persian Empire. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-090-3.
  • Grabbe, Lester L. (2004). A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-567-08998-3.
  • Grabbe, Lester L. (2006). "The "Persian Documents" in the Book of Ezra: Are They Authentic?". I Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (red.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-104-7.
  • Hallo, William (2002). Hallo, William; Younger, K. Lawson (red.). The Context of Scripture: Monumental inscriptions from the biblical world. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10619-2.
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  • Kuhrt, Amélie (2007). The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources of the Achaemenid Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-43628-1.
  • Kuhrt, Amélie (2007). "Cyrus the Great of Persia: Images and Realities". I Heinz, Marlies; Feldman, Marian H. (red.). Representations of Political Power: Case Histories from Times of Change and Dissolving Order in the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 1-57506-135-X.
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Medieartikler

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