In this paper I attempt to trace the gradual and hesitant depiction of “reality” on icons from th... more In this paper I attempt to trace the gradual and hesitant depiction of “reality” on icons from the Late Byzantine period onwards. By reality I mean on the one hand the depiction of the natural world, of space and of people, and on the other scenes featuring ordinary mortals shown in contexts designed to serve a religious purpose. It is usually thought that it was Byzantine artists’ growing familiarity with Western art, which from the 14th century on was undergoing radical change that provided the necessary impetus towards the depiction of the natural world. For this reason I shall begin with a brief overview of the way in which Byzantine scholars reacted to Western works of art of the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance period. After that we will look at how artists enhanced their painting - and above all icons, the most austere form of religious art - with expressions of human emotions, with elements of the natural space and references to the world of mortals. The aim of this examination is to highlight ...
Origins of El Greco: icon paintings in Venetian Crete, 2009
Olga Gratziou. ... Evidence of this progression is seen in the villas of some Veneto-Cretan noble... more Olga Gratziou. ... Evidence of this progression is seen in the villas of some Veneto-Cretan noble families in the countryside, in a few architectural remains from the cities, and in remodeled doorways in Latin churches, as well as in the impact of these changes on the work of the ...
VISUAL CULTURE OF THE BALKANS: STATE OF RESEARCH
AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS
In recent decades there h... more VISUAL CULTURE OF THE BALKANS: STATE OF RESEARCH AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS In recent decades there has been a significant change in observing art and culture of the Balkans. One of the current issues is the study of visual culture of the Balkans. While in the Balkan countries the national historiographies still dominate, it is becoming quite obvious that the common social, political, artistic and cultural frameworks influence the creation of all forms of cultural life in entire Balkans. The Ottoman Empire, in which had lived majority of Balkan nations; formation of a Yugoslav state, as well as the similarity of political systems in Southeastern Europe all together have resulted in establishing a common Balkan culture. In these processes, visual culture has had a prominent place because it contributed to the creation of private and collective identity, and represents one of the most powerful communication tools between different ethnic, religious and social communities. Nenad Makuljević Department of Art History Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade University
In this paper I attempt to trace the gradual and hesitant depiction of “reality” on icons from th... more In this paper I attempt to trace the gradual and hesitant depiction of “reality” on icons from the Late Byzantine period onwards. By reality I mean on the one hand the depiction of the natural world, of space and of people, and on the other scenes featuring ordinary mortals shown in contexts designed to serve a religious purpose. It is usually thought that it was Byzantine artists’ growing familiarity with Western art, which from the 14th century on was undergoing radical change that provided the necessary impetus towards the depiction of the natural world. For this reason I shall begin with a brief overview of the way in which Byzantine scholars reacted to Western works of art of the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance period. After that we will look at how artists enhanced their painting - and above all icons, the most austere form of religious art - with expressions of human emotions, with elements of the natural space and references to the world of mortals. The aim of this examination is to highlight ...
Origins of El Greco: icon paintings in Venetian Crete, 2009
Olga Gratziou. ... Evidence of this progression is seen in the villas of some Veneto-Cretan noble... more Olga Gratziou. ... Evidence of this progression is seen in the villas of some Veneto-Cretan noble families in the countryside, in a few architectural remains from the cities, and in remodeled doorways in Latin churches, as well as in the impact of these changes on the work of the ...
VISUAL CULTURE OF THE BALKANS: STATE OF RESEARCH
AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS
In recent decades there h... more VISUAL CULTURE OF THE BALKANS: STATE OF RESEARCH AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS In recent decades there has been a significant change in observing art and culture of the Balkans. One of the current issues is the study of visual culture of the Balkans. While in the Balkan countries the national historiographies still dominate, it is becoming quite obvious that the common social, political, artistic and cultural frameworks influence the creation of all forms of cultural life in entire Balkans. The Ottoman Empire, in which had lived majority of Balkan nations; formation of a Yugoslav state, as well as the similarity of political systems in Southeastern Europe all together have resulted in establishing a common Balkan culture. In these processes, visual culture has had a prominent place because it contributed to the creation of private and collective identity, and represents one of the most powerful communication tools between different ethnic, religious and social communities. Nenad Makuljević Department of Art History Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade University
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Papers by Olga Gratziou
AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS
In recent decades there has been a significant change in
observing art and culture of the Balkans. One of the current issues is
the study of visual culture of the Balkans. While in the Balkan
countries the national historiographies still dominate, it is becoming
quite obvious that the common social, political, artistic and cultural
frameworks influence the creation of all forms of cultural life in
entire Balkans. The Ottoman Empire, in which had lived majority of
Balkan nations; formation of a Yugoslav state, as well as the similarity
of political systems in Southeastern Europe all together have resulted
in establishing a common Balkan culture. In these processes, visual
culture has had a prominent place because it contributed to the
creation of private and collective identity, and represents one of the
most powerful communication tools between different ethnic,
religious and social communities.
Nenad Makuljević
Department of Art History
Faculty of Philosophy
Belgrade University
AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS
In recent decades there has been a significant change in
observing art and culture of the Balkans. One of the current issues is
the study of visual culture of the Balkans. While in the Balkan
countries the national historiographies still dominate, it is becoming
quite obvious that the common social, political, artistic and cultural
frameworks influence the creation of all forms of cultural life in
entire Balkans. The Ottoman Empire, in which had lived majority of
Balkan nations; formation of a Yugoslav state, as well as the similarity
of political systems in Southeastern Europe all together have resulted
in establishing a common Balkan culture. In these processes, visual
culture has had a prominent place because it contributed to the
creation of private and collective identity, and represents one of the
most powerful communication tools between different ethnic,
religious and social communities.
Nenad Makuljević
Department of Art History
Faculty of Philosophy
Belgrade University