Papers by Abdesselem Mahmoud
Tunis, vulnérabilités urbaines, quelle résilience ?
titre de la communication : Tunis, vulnérabilités urbaines, quelle résilience ? Pr. Abdessalem MA... more titre de la communication : Tunis, vulnérabilités urbaines, quelle résilience ? Pr. Abdessalem MAHMOUDENAU, Tunis Le 'Grand Tunis' comme métropole primatiale dans le système urbain de Tunisie, de plus en plus en plus complexe, se caractérise par des anomies urbaines et sociales menaçant l'écosystème et rendant le développement urbain de la ville macrocéphale, rapide et désintégré. Les politiques urbaines de l'Etat-Nation tunisien ont été toujours top down, du haut vers le bas du système politique, avec ses organisations, institutions, règlements d'urbanisme, code d'aménagement du territoire, agences urbaines (AUGT, ARRU. Etat, secteur Privé). Le processus des développements urbains et les stratégies des différents acteurs sont encore dominées par les décisions des parties prenantes dans une politique publique, où il y a souvent absence de coordination, manque de transparence, prépondérance de l'informel (e.g. constructions anarchiques, auto-constructions…). La problématique de notre recherche s'inscrit dans le contexte des changements climatiques, des crises financières mondiales et des risques divers : écologiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui en découlent et ont des retombées directes et indirectes sur la Métropole tunisienne-comme et à des différents degrés-sur les villes d'Afrique et du Moyen Orient. Dans quelle mesure, le système urbain tunisien au grand Tunis, serait-il capable d'émerger de sa situation chaotique, regagner son équilibre et arriver ainsi à émerger vers une ville durable ? Serait-t-il possible d'atteindre cet objectif sans revoir, évaluer et repenser le modèle de développement économique et social ? Une gouvernance urbaine multiniveaux serait-elle possible pour un développement urbain inclusif et une ville vraiment résiliente ? Nous essaierons de répondre à ces questions à partir de nos études sur le grand Tunis* les workshops et travaux de de recherches menés jusque-là avec nos étudiants aux masters d'urbanisme et d'aménagements, en sociologie, ceux de nos doctorants et enseignants chercheurs en urbanisme sur le Grand Tunis.
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The Dilemma of Sustainable Development Goals: Covid-19 and Climate Change
Abstract:
Achieving the seventeen goals of sustainable development by 2030, as projected by the U... more Abstract:
Achieving the seventeen goals of sustainable development by 2030, as projected by the UN
conference on Climate change, is a major challenge for both developed and developing countries.
The world economy has been in a period of chaos, especially since the beginning of the world
financial crisis of 2008, to which has been added the recent Covid-19 pandemic, with
consequences for long-term climate change. The basic problem is that, despite the efforts that
have been deployed to analyze and adapt to these crises, by now it has become abundantly clear
that it will be impossible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were
projected for 2030. The implementation of policies to achieve these goals would require basic
changes in development strategies by both developed and underdeveloped countries. This article
has two main hypotheses. The first is that climate change is an existential and global
phenomenon, which affects people all over the world, such that the extremes of climate change
are felt worldwide. The second hypothesis, which complements the first, is that the pandemic has
different impacts on different parts of the world—notably the African economies. To present and
substantiate these hypotheses, the author engages in documentary research and a literature review,
attempting to understand the impacts of climate change and Covid-19 on sustainable development
goals. The conclusion is that the achievement of the previewed UN SDGs is quite problematic,
mainly because the SDGs are interconnected within a complex system, such that the goals are
undermined by the failure of the dominant neo-liberal model of development for both developed
and developing countries.
Keywords: Achievement, Development, Dilemma, Goals, Sustainable
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CV Mahmoud Abdessalem, 2020
PERSONAL)INFORMATION) Abdesselem)Mahmoud) Professor)of)Deveopment)Sociology) National)School)of)a... more PERSONAL)INFORMATION) Abdesselem)Mahmoud) Professor)of)Deveopment)Sociology) National)School)of)architecture)and)Town)Planning) Carthage)University)) Appartement)2,1er)étage)Bloc)A,)Résidence)Omar,)Rue)Habib) Bougatfa)Manouba,)2010)Tunis)(Tunisia)) (+216))97)021279)) abdesselemahmoud@yahoo.fr)))) CV)abstract)) My)long)experience)of)teaching)sociology)of)architectural)and)urban)space)at) National)School)of)Architecture)and)Town)Planning)since)1995)to)nowadays)is) along)with)a)continuous)effort)of)research)improving)track)on)the)field)of)urban) sociology) by)making) and) leading)researches)on) the)city)of)Tunis) Architecture) and) town) planning) features,) changes.) I) also) focused) on) the) urban) spaces) perceptions)by)users)in)the)research)unit)I)led)during)three)years.) After)the)Tunisia)revolution)December,)17,)2010)and)January,)14,)2011,)I)pay) more) and) more) research) attention) to) social) movements,) public) sphere,) the) territorial) and) social) inequalities) in) Tunisia.) I) am) continuing) working) on) these) topics,) and) developing) my) teaching) courses) within) updated) approaches) of) complex) urban) systems,) their) vulnerabilities,) adaptations,) resilience,) and) emergence) to) my) student) in) Urban) Planning) Master) degrees) (Professional) and) Research),) in) seminars) of) teachings) to) PHD) student.) I) taught) several) short))time))course))on))development,))town))planning,))local))development))at) several) higher) Education) institutions.) I) am) adopting) new) interactive) teaching) methods) based) on) learning) doing,) participatory) planning) within) a) sustainable) and)inclusive)approaches.) As) Town) Planning) Department) Head) for) the) second) electoral) term,) implemented)with)the)department)members,)and)the)school)staff)a)new)Urban) Planning) Development) Doctorate) which) has) already) started.) We) also,) rehabilitated)two)master)degrees)Diploma)professional)and)research)in)urban) planning.) The) latter) is) join) degree) program) with) Sassari) University.) I) also) prepared) and) concluded) cooperation) agreements) with) European) Universities) (Luigi)))Vanvitelli,)))Napoli,)))Sassari,)))Alghero,)))Italy,)))Gdansk)))University)))of) Technology,) Poland) within) an) Erasmus+) mobility) agreement) and) teaching) mobility) for) some) colleagues) and) PHD) students.) I'am) also) involving) Master) degrees) and) Phd) students) in) new) agreements) research) activities) concluded) betwee)our)school)and)municipalities.) Co`supervisory) theses) with) Artois) University)(pr.) Bernard) Reitel),)France) and) ULB) (Pr.) Philip) Bouillard),) Université) Libre) de) Bruxelles.) I) integrated) a) Lab.") PS2D) Perspectives,) Strategies) et) Developpement) Durable") At) Economic) and) management) Sciences) Faculty,) Manar) university,) Tunis.) I) am) nominated) as) chief)Editor)of)the)Center)of)Economic)Studies)and)Reseach(CERES))Ministry) of)Higher)Education.) I) try) as) possible) as) I) can) to) innovate) research,) teaching,) and) participatory) activities)within)a)collective)intelligence)process.)
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CV, 2019
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Journal of North African Studies
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This conference was held in Tunis in November, 11,12, and 13, 2008 by National School of architec... more This conference was held in Tunis in November, 11,12, and 13, 2008 by National School of architecture and Town Planning, Tunis in collaboration with Center of Study on Architecture in Arab Region(CSAAR). Coordinator Manager was Abdesselem MAHMOUd. The issue were co-published by Jamal Kawasmi, Abdesselem MAHMOUD, and Ali Djerbi. Many scholars and practitioners came from worldwide to talk and discuss Architecture, Globalization ad Identity in Architecture, and town Planning.
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ABSTRACT In this paper, the author addresses the urban sustainable governance question through th... more ABSTRACT In this paper, the author addresses the urban sustainable governance question through the lens of social and territorial transversal multi scalar approach. Which sustainable urban governance is relevant to overcome social and territorial inequalities? The author adopted for a methodology which consists in exposing the inventory of fixtures of urban changes in Tunisia in their synchronic situation and transversal levels. He studied urban changes at different territory levels (local and global), and in a diachronic way. Territorial fragmentation in Tunisia is not a matter of a mere physical regional disparities, but they are, rather, geographical, political, social, and cultural ones. Since, the independency, the Nation-State undertook several developments plans entailing a deep gap between the Hinterland and the hinter world. During the last four decades, economic, and social policies were dominated by the off-shore investments. The Law 1972 exonerated them from paying taxes...
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Tunisia, where sparked the 'Arab Spring' uprisings, is commonly called 'Green Tunisia'. The count... more Tunisia, where sparked the 'Arab Spring' uprisings, is commonly called 'Green Tunisia'. The country is a subsystem within a global ecological and socioeconomic system. As any other country, it is facing the climate changes extremes and their negative externalities on different intermingling levels: biophysics, economic, psychological, political, social, and cultural. The authors highlights that addressing environmental hazards and stresses is a socio environmental matter, and then ecology sociology is worth for better understanding those-often allegedly preconceived natural hazards, as anthropogenic ones. The method adopted in this study is qualitative one based on some previous empirical studies findings led on the topic. Moreover, few researches were led on the issue of vulnerability and resilience in Tunisia. The author addresses vulnerability and resilience within a social system model starting from biophysical level, through psychological, sociologic, economic, political, until cultural symbolic level. He analyzed the phenomenon in a dynamic interconnection between those subsystems. Territorial inequalities' are social, ecological, psychological and politics. In his analyses of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation in Tunisia, the author demonstrated that regional and social disparities in Tunisia are, in the same time, vulnerability and resilience inequalities towards environmental syndrome, which intensities and threats vary from social category to another and between regions. Finally, the author concluded that environmental disasters are not per se. They are, in fact, socially and culturally constructed. Assessing and mitigating those socio environmental facts require the understanding of the ex ante development policies, which had been focusing on economic growth only. Though, people well being needs also to pay more special attention to environmental dimension in order to achieve the sustainable development goals
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In this paper, the author addresses spatial injustices in Tunisia, and seeks to which extent soci... more In this paper, the author addresses spatial injustices in Tunisia, and seeks to which extent social and territorial inequalities could hamper democracy. Many urban disparities and social anomies such as informal sector, terrorism, unemployment, and usustainable development process threaten the vulnerable democracy transition in Tunisia.
The author described and analyzed urban planning process since independency to noawadays. He analyzed the successive economic development policy makings undertook by a mono-party Nation-State. The top down development policies implemented until nowadays entailed a big gap between coastal areas and inland. The former benefitted of its site across the sea shores and proximity to Tunis and former regime. Many factors fostered export industries and tourism activities. The latters were left behind due to their lack of resources and urban planning policy dominated by neo liberal capitalist development in favor of Tunis urban primacy and the littoral where concentrated most foreign and local investments.
Urban disparities and inequalities in Tunisia join in a networked society where local and global actors play a key role in economic, social, and urban development process in Tunisia. Tunisian society is a subsystem within a global system (Wallerstein, 2012), and what is happening is not conjonctural, but it is due to global social movements (Sassen 2007 ; Castells 2012 ; Braudel, 1992 ; Amin, 2003). Terrorism, pollution, and inequalities are not per se, but are the negative results of a a myriad of factors : economic, politics, cultural, emotional, aesthetics, social and urban morphologies. Many economic, social, and political actors intervened and interconnected in public and private arenas and triggered those anomies.
Fair urban policies are expected to be achieved through a multilevel governance in order to implement the revolution objectives in Tunisia. Otherwise, a representative democracy only, won’t fulfil the well-being expected by large Tunisian people. Sustainable urban governance requires a multi-scalar bottom-up and top-down policy-making. In Tunisia, after democratic transition success, the state should be revamped, and compensate its deficit. A sustainable urban planning implies a holistic policy framework involving private and public sectors, and civil society actors locally, regionally, and globally.
Key Words : Challenges /Democracy/ Injustices /Space/ Sustainable /Tunisia/ Urban
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Abstract
In this paper, the author addresses the Arab uprisings both in Tunisia and Egypt. He tri... more Abstract
In this paper, the author addresses the Arab uprisings both in Tunisia and Egypt. He tries to explain to which extent the so called Arab Spring is amongst social movements which joins in global ones related to capitalist world system and to its local allies authoritarian regimes in Middle East and North Africa.
Those new social movements could be explained by people outrages due to social inequalities, injustices, and human rights abuses. The uprisings are triggered by outrages and hopes for better society. They are wireless because they were fuelled and framed by new media (Internet, Face Book, Twitter), leaderless in the sense that they sparked collectively and without any ideology, religion, or leader.
The study theoretical framework draws from literature’s review on the issues of World System (Wallerstein 1970s), the concept of power according to: (Max Weber 1978; Michel Foucault 1984; Jürgen Habermas 1991; Craig Calhoun 1992; Seyla Ben Habib 2012; Nancy Fraser 1990s and others). In order to better understand the social movements in Arab World, the author used the concept of System, Actors, Emotions, Strategies, opportunities, and contexts.
Finally, the objective of this research is explain to which extent Arab uprisings are in fact social movements linked to the social and political changes in Arab societies in the arena of wider global social movements.
Keywords: Egypt, Revolutions, Social Movements, Tale, Tunisia
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Papers by Abdesselem Mahmoud
Achieving the seventeen goals of sustainable development by 2030, as projected by the UN
conference on Climate change, is a major challenge for both developed and developing countries.
The world economy has been in a period of chaos, especially since the beginning of the world
financial crisis of 2008, to which has been added the recent Covid-19 pandemic, with
consequences for long-term climate change. The basic problem is that, despite the efforts that
have been deployed to analyze and adapt to these crises, by now it has become abundantly clear
that it will be impossible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were
projected for 2030. The implementation of policies to achieve these goals would require basic
changes in development strategies by both developed and underdeveloped countries. This article
has two main hypotheses. The first is that climate change is an existential and global
phenomenon, which affects people all over the world, such that the extremes of climate change
are felt worldwide. The second hypothesis, which complements the first, is that the pandemic has
different impacts on different parts of the world—notably the African economies. To present and
substantiate these hypotheses, the author engages in documentary research and a literature review,
attempting to understand the impacts of climate change and Covid-19 on sustainable development
goals. The conclusion is that the achievement of the previewed UN SDGs is quite problematic,
mainly because the SDGs are interconnected within a complex system, such that the goals are
undermined by the failure of the dominant neo-liberal model of development for both developed
and developing countries.
Keywords: Achievement, Development, Dilemma, Goals, Sustainable
The author described and analyzed urban planning process since independency to noawadays. He analyzed the successive economic development policy makings undertook by a mono-party Nation-State. The top down development policies implemented until nowadays entailed a big gap between coastal areas and inland. The former benefitted of its site across the sea shores and proximity to Tunis and former regime. Many factors fostered export industries and tourism activities. The latters were left behind due to their lack of resources and urban planning policy dominated by neo liberal capitalist development in favor of Tunis urban primacy and the littoral where concentrated most foreign and local investments.
Urban disparities and inequalities in Tunisia join in a networked society where local and global actors play a key role in economic, social, and urban development process in Tunisia. Tunisian society is a subsystem within a global system (Wallerstein, 2012), and what is happening is not conjonctural, but it is due to global social movements (Sassen 2007 ; Castells 2012 ; Braudel, 1992 ; Amin, 2003). Terrorism, pollution, and inequalities are not per se, but are the negative results of a a myriad of factors : economic, politics, cultural, emotional, aesthetics, social and urban morphologies. Many economic, social, and political actors intervened and interconnected in public and private arenas and triggered those anomies.
Fair urban policies are expected to be achieved through a multilevel governance in order to implement the revolution objectives in Tunisia. Otherwise, a representative democracy only, won’t fulfil the well-being expected by large Tunisian people. Sustainable urban governance requires a multi-scalar bottom-up and top-down policy-making. In Tunisia, after democratic transition success, the state should be revamped, and compensate its deficit. A sustainable urban planning implies a holistic policy framework involving private and public sectors, and civil society actors locally, regionally, and globally.
Key Words : Challenges /Democracy/ Injustices /Space/ Sustainable /Tunisia/ Urban
In this paper, the author addresses the Arab uprisings both in Tunisia and Egypt. He tries to explain to which extent the so called Arab Spring is amongst social movements which joins in global ones related to capitalist world system and to its local allies authoritarian regimes in Middle East and North Africa.
Those new social movements could be explained by people outrages due to social inequalities, injustices, and human rights abuses. The uprisings are triggered by outrages and hopes for better society. They are wireless because they were fuelled and framed by new media (Internet, Face Book, Twitter), leaderless in the sense that they sparked collectively and without any ideology, religion, or leader.
The study theoretical framework draws from literature’s review on the issues of World System (Wallerstein 1970s), the concept of power according to: (Max Weber 1978; Michel Foucault 1984; Jürgen Habermas 1991; Craig Calhoun 1992; Seyla Ben Habib 2012; Nancy Fraser 1990s and others). In order to better understand the social movements in Arab World, the author used the concept of System, Actors, Emotions, Strategies, opportunities, and contexts.
Finally, the objective of this research is explain to which extent Arab uprisings are in fact social movements linked to the social and political changes in Arab societies in the arena of wider global social movements.
Keywords: Egypt, Revolutions, Social Movements, Tale, Tunisia
Achieving the seventeen goals of sustainable development by 2030, as projected by the UN
conference on Climate change, is a major challenge for both developed and developing countries.
The world economy has been in a period of chaos, especially since the beginning of the world
financial crisis of 2008, to which has been added the recent Covid-19 pandemic, with
consequences for long-term climate change. The basic problem is that, despite the efforts that
have been deployed to analyze and adapt to these crises, by now it has become abundantly clear
that it will be impossible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were
projected for 2030. The implementation of policies to achieve these goals would require basic
changes in development strategies by both developed and underdeveloped countries. This article
has two main hypotheses. The first is that climate change is an existential and global
phenomenon, which affects people all over the world, such that the extremes of climate change
are felt worldwide. The second hypothesis, which complements the first, is that the pandemic has
different impacts on different parts of the world—notably the African economies. To present and
substantiate these hypotheses, the author engages in documentary research and a literature review,
attempting to understand the impacts of climate change and Covid-19 on sustainable development
goals. The conclusion is that the achievement of the previewed UN SDGs is quite problematic,
mainly because the SDGs are interconnected within a complex system, such that the goals are
undermined by the failure of the dominant neo-liberal model of development for both developed
and developing countries.
Keywords: Achievement, Development, Dilemma, Goals, Sustainable
The author described and analyzed urban planning process since independency to noawadays. He analyzed the successive economic development policy makings undertook by a mono-party Nation-State. The top down development policies implemented until nowadays entailed a big gap between coastal areas and inland. The former benefitted of its site across the sea shores and proximity to Tunis and former regime. Many factors fostered export industries and tourism activities. The latters were left behind due to their lack of resources and urban planning policy dominated by neo liberal capitalist development in favor of Tunis urban primacy and the littoral where concentrated most foreign and local investments.
Urban disparities and inequalities in Tunisia join in a networked society where local and global actors play a key role in economic, social, and urban development process in Tunisia. Tunisian society is a subsystem within a global system (Wallerstein, 2012), and what is happening is not conjonctural, but it is due to global social movements (Sassen 2007 ; Castells 2012 ; Braudel, 1992 ; Amin, 2003). Terrorism, pollution, and inequalities are not per se, but are the negative results of a a myriad of factors : economic, politics, cultural, emotional, aesthetics, social and urban morphologies. Many economic, social, and political actors intervened and interconnected in public and private arenas and triggered those anomies.
Fair urban policies are expected to be achieved through a multilevel governance in order to implement the revolution objectives in Tunisia. Otherwise, a representative democracy only, won’t fulfil the well-being expected by large Tunisian people. Sustainable urban governance requires a multi-scalar bottom-up and top-down policy-making. In Tunisia, after democratic transition success, the state should be revamped, and compensate its deficit. A sustainable urban planning implies a holistic policy framework involving private and public sectors, and civil society actors locally, regionally, and globally.
Key Words : Challenges /Democracy/ Injustices /Space/ Sustainable /Tunisia/ Urban
In this paper, the author addresses the Arab uprisings both in Tunisia and Egypt. He tries to explain to which extent the so called Arab Spring is amongst social movements which joins in global ones related to capitalist world system and to its local allies authoritarian regimes in Middle East and North Africa.
Those new social movements could be explained by people outrages due to social inequalities, injustices, and human rights abuses. The uprisings are triggered by outrages and hopes for better society. They are wireless because they were fuelled and framed by new media (Internet, Face Book, Twitter), leaderless in the sense that they sparked collectively and without any ideology, religion, or leader.
The study theoretical framework draws from literature’s review on the issues of World System (Wallerstein 1970s), the concept of power according to: (Max Weber 1978; Michel Foucault 1984; Jürgen Habermas 1991; Craig Calhoun 1992; Seyla Ben Habib 2012; Nancy Fraser 1990s and others). In order to better understand the social movements in Arab World, the author used the concept of System, Actors, Emotions, Strategies, opportunities, and contexts.
Finally, the objective of this research is explain to which extent Arab uprisings are in fact social movements linked to the social and political changes in Arab societies in the arena of wider global social movements.
Keywords: Egypt, Revolutions, Social Movements, Tale, Tunisia
Abdesselem Mahmoud1
1National School of Architecture and Town Planning-Carthage University
abdesselemahmoud@yahoo.fr
ABSTRACT: Tunisia, where sparked the ‘Arab Spring’ uprisings, is commonly called ‘Green Tunisia’. The country is a subsystem within a global ecological and socioeconomic system. As any other country, it is facing the climate changes extremes and their negative externalities on different intermingling levels: biophysics, economic, psychological, political, social, and cultural. The author highlights that addressing environmental hazards and stresses is a socio environmental matter, and then ecology sociology is worth for better understanding thoseoften allegedly preconceived natural hazards, as anthropogenic ones. The method adopted in this study is qualitative one based on some previous empirical studies findings led on the topic. Moreover, few researches were led on the issue of vulnerability and resilience in Tunisia. The author addresses vulnerability and resilience within a social system model starting from biophysical level, through psychological, sociologic, economic, political, until cultural symbolic level. He analyzed the phenomenon in adynamic interconnection between those subsystems. Territorial inequalities’ are social, ecological, psychological and politics. In his analyses of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation in Tunisia, the author demonstrated that regional and social disparities in Tunisia are, in the same time, vulnerability and resilience inequalities towards environmental syndrome, which intensities and threats vary from social category to another and between regions. Finally, the author concluded that environmental disasters are not per se. They are, in fact, socially and culturally constructed. Assessing and mitigating those socio environmental facts require the understanding of the ex ante development policies, which had been focusing on economic growth only. Though, people well being needs also to pay more special attention to environmental dimension in order to achieve the sustainable development goals.
KEYWORDS: Greening/Inequalities/ Resilience/ Vulnerability/Urban Planning
Vulnérabilité VS résilience urbaines et architectu-rales au Grand Tunis dans le contexte de changement climatique – Pr. Mahmoud Abdesselem – ENAU
‘Il faudrait adopter une politique urbaine basée sur le nouveau paradigme du développement durable qui répond effectivement aux Objectifs du Développement Durable’
Pr. Abdesselem est revenu, dans son intervention, sur l’évolution des usages des concepts de vulnérabilité et de résilience et sur la signification même des termes. Il affirme que l’on peut parler de vulnérabilité sur plusieurs échelles en partant de la vulnérabilité interne de la personne qu’à la vulnérabilité multidimensionnelle comprenant les aspects : physiques, socio-économiques, environnementaux et ins-titutionnels.
Il a par la suite évoqué la structuration spatiale de l’urbanisme du Grand Tunis et son impact sur la vulnérabilité de la région. Le spécialiste en sociologie urbaine a mis l’accent sur l’étalement urbain prononcé de la région. Il a surtout insisté sur la vulnérabilité des régions côtières de par la hausse du niveau de la mer et le risque accru d’inondations dans certaines régions proches des étendues d’eau et dans les bassins versants.
1st Edition of the International Symposium on the Sustainability of the Built Environment (ISSBE-2023)
5-6 Mai 2023 – Cité des sciences de Tunis – Tunisie
Proceedings of Engineering & Technology-PET-Vol 81
Abdesselem Mahmoud1
1National School of Architecture and Town Planning-Carthage University
abdesselemahmoud@yahoo.fr
ABSTRACT: Tunisia, where sparked the ‘Arab Spring’ uprisings, is commonly called ‘Green Tunisia’. The country is a subsystem within a global ecological and socioeconomic system. As any other country, it is facing the climate changes extremes and their negative externalities on different intermingling levels: biophysics, economic, psychological, political, social, and cultural. The author highlights that addressing environmental hazards and stresses is a socio environmental matter, and then ecology sociology is worth for better understanding thoseoften allegedly preconceived natural hazards, as anthropogenic ones. The method adopted in this study is qualitative one based on some previous empirical studies findings led on the topic. Moreover, few researches were led on the issue of vulnerability and resilience in Tunisia. The author addresses vulnerability and resilience within a social system model starting from biophysical level, through psychological, sociologic, economic, political, until cultural symbolic level. He analyzed the phenomenon in adynamic interconnection between those subsystems. Territorial inequalities’ are social, ecological, psychological and politics. In his analyses of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation in Tunisia, the author demonstrated that regional and social disparities in Tunisia are, in the same time, vulnerability and resilience inequalities towards environmental syndrome, which intensities and threats vary from social category to another and between regions. Finally, the author concluded that environmental disasters are not per se. They are, in fact, socially and culturally constructed. Assessing and mitigating those socio environmental facts require the understanding of the ex ante development policies, which had been focusing on economic growth only. Though, people well being needs also to pay more special attention to environmental dimension in order to achieve the sustainable development goals.
KEYWORDS: Greening/Inequalities/ Resilience/ Vulnerability/Urban Planning