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The electron cloud and its impact on LHC and future colliders
/ Mether, Lotta (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) ; Paraschou, Konstantinos (CERN) ; Sabato, Luca (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Johannesson, Sofia (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne)
The secondary emission of electrons and their interaction with the electromagnetic fields of charged particle beams can lead to the build-up of electron clouds in accelerator beam chambers. The interaction of the electrons with both the beam and the chamber walls leads to detrimental effects, such as transverse instabilities and emittance growth, beam loss, pressure rise and heat load. [...]
2024 - 6 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2024 (2024) WEZD2
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 15th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2024), Nashville, TN, United States, 19 - 24 May 2024, pp.WEZD2
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Electron cloud observations and mitigation for the LHC Run 3
/ Mether, L (CERN) ; Bradu, B (CERN) ; Iadarola, G (CERN) ; Johannesson, S (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne ; CERN) ; Paraschou, K (CERN) ; Rumolo, G (CERN) ; Sabato, L (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne ; CERN)
When operated with the nominal bunch spacing of 25 ns, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) suffers from significant electron cloud effects. During the second operational run (Run 2) of the LHC, beam-induced conditioning allowed a satisfactory exploitation of 25 ns beams for luminosity production but could not fully suppress electron cloud formation. [...]
2023 - 4 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2023 (2023) WEPA091
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2023), Venice, Italy, 7 - 12 May 2023, pp.WEPA091
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Emittance Growth From Electron Clouds Forming in the LHC Arc Quadrupoles
/ Paraschou, Konstantinos (CERN) ; Bartosik, Hannes (CERN) ; Deniau, Laurent (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Maclean, Ewen (CERN) ; Mether, Lotta (CERN) ; Papaphilippou, Yannis (CERN) ; Pieloni, Tatiana (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Potdevin, Joséphine (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) et al.
Operation of the Large Hadron Collider with proton bunches spaced 25 ns apart favours the formation of electron clouds. In fact, a slow emittance growth is observed in proton bunches at injection energy (450 GeV), showing a bunch-by-bunch signature that is compatible with electron cloud effects. [...]
2024 - 4 p.
- Published in : JACoW HB 2023 (2024) 487-490
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 68th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics workshop on high-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams (HB 2023), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 9 - 13 Oct 2023, pp.487-490
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Electron Cloud Effects in the CERN Accelerators in Run 3
/ Mether, Lotta (CERN) ; Bartosik, Hannes (CERN) ; Giacomel, Lorenzo (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Johannesson, Sofia (CERN) ; Mases Solé, Ingrid (CERN) ; Paraschou, Konstantinos (CERN) ; Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) ; Sabato, Luca (CERN) ; Zannini, Carlo (CERN) et al.
Several of the machines in the CERN accelerator complex, in particular the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), are prone to the build-up of electron clouds. Electron cloud effects are observed especially when the machines are operated with a 25 ns bunch spacing, which has routinely been used in the LHC since the start of its second operational run in 2015. [...]
2024 - 5 p.
- Published in : JACoW HB 2023 (2024) 538-542
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 68th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics workshop on high-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams (HB 2023), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 9 - 13 Oct 2023, pp.538-542
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Progress in Mastering Electron Clouds at the Large Hadron Collider
/ Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Bradu, Benjamin (CERN) ; Mether, Lotta (CERN) ; Paraschou, Konstantinos (CERN) ; Petit, Valentine (CERN) ; Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) ; Sabato, Luca (CERN) ; Skripka, Galina (CERN) ; Taborelli, Mauro (CERN) ; Tavian, Laurent (CERN)
During the second operational run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a bunch spacing of 25 ns was used for the first time for luminosity production. With such a spacing, electron cloud effects are much more severe than with the 50-ns spacing, which had been used in the previous run. [...]
JACoW, 2021 - 6 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2021 (2021) 1273-1278
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2021), Online, 24 - 28 May 2021, pp.1273-1278
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Simulations of incoherent effects driven by electron clouds forming in the inner triplets of the Large Hadron Collider
/ Paraschou, Konstantinos (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Mether, Lotta (CERN)
During Run 2 and Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), slow losses from electron cloud (e-cloud) effects have been systematically observed during the full duration of fills with closely-spaced proton bunches. In particular, these effects had been found to depend strongly on the crossing angle of the two beams and the value of the betatron functions in the interaction points. [...]
2024 - 4 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2024 (2024) WEPR57
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 15th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2024), Nashville, TN, United States, 19 - 24 May 2024, pp.WEPR57
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Xsuite: an integrated beam physics simulation framework
/ Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Latina, Andrea (CERN) ; Abramov, Andrey (CERN) ; Montanari, Carlo Emilio (CERN) ; Droin, Colas (CERN) ; Di Croce, Davide (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Demetriadou, Despina (CERN) ; Soubelet, Felix (CERN) ; Van der Veken, Frederik (CERN) ; Sterbini, Guido (CERN) et al.
Xsuite is a modular simulation package bringing to a single flexible and modern framework capabilities of different tools developed at CERN in the past decades notably MAD-X Sixtrack Sixtracklib COMBI and PyHEADTAIL. The suite consists of a set of Python modules (Xobjects, Xpart, Xtrack, Xcoll, Xfields, Xdeps) that can be flexibly combined together and with other accelerator-specific and general-purpose python tools to study complex simulation scenarios. [...]
2024 - 4 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2024 (2024) WEPR56
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 15th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2024), Nashville, TN, United States, 19 - 24 May 2024, pp.WEPR56
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Electron Cloud Effects at the LHC and LHC Injectors
/ Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) ; Bartosik, Hannes (CERN) ; Belli, Eleonora (Rome U. ; CERN) ; Dijkstal, Philipp (CERN ; Darmstadt, Tech. U.) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Li, Kevin (CERN) ; Mether, Lotta (CERN) ; Romano, Annalisa (CERN) ; Schenk, Michael (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne ; CERN) ; Zimmermann, Frank (CERN)
Electron cloud effects are one of the main limitations of the performance of the LHC and its injectors. Enormous progress has been done in the simulation of the electron cloud build-up and of the effects on beam stability while mitigation measures have been identified and implemented (scrubbing, low secondary electron yield coatings, etc.). [...]
CERN-ACC-2017-110.-
2017 - 7 p.
- Published in : 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOZA1
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 14 - 19 May 2017, pp.MOZA1
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Multi-species electron-ion simulations and their application to the LHC
/ Mether, Lotta (CERN ; Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Poland, Kyle (CERN) ; Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN) ; Skripka, Galina (CERN)
During operation in 2017 and 2018, the LHC suffered from recurrent beam aborts associated with beam losses in one of its arc cells in correlation with quickly developing transverse coherent oscillations. The events are thought to have been caused by a localised high gas density resulting from the phase transition of a macroparticle that had entered the beam. [...]
CERN-ACC-2019-113.-
2019 - 4 p.
- Published in : 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS050
Fulltext from publisher: PDF;
In : 10th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 19 - 24 May 2019, pp.WEPTS050
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