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Towards defining the optimal design parameters for a test setup studying heat transfer with carbon dioxide at supercritical conditions / Pedano Medina, Camila Rocio (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Mall-Gleissle, Susanne (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences)
As the demand for environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies continues to grow, the use of natural refrigerants for the thermal management of detectors for high-energy physics becomes increasingly relevant. While the use of boiling CO2 flows is well established at CERN for applications requiring cold conditions, this study focuses on investigating the heat transfer capabilities of carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-006.- Geneva : CERN, 2024 Fulltext: PDF;

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(59)

Studies on supercritical carbon dioxide as a refrigerant for future detectors / Pedano Medina, Camila Rocio (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Mall-Gleissle, Susanne (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences) ; Wetzel, Thomas (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
High thermal capacities and low values of density and viscosity are some of the main characteristics of supercritical fluids. These, in combination with the nature of a supercritical fluid - a single phase fluid - make them very interesting candidates for the thermal management of High Energy Physics detectors. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-007.- Geneva : CERN, 2023 Fulltext: PDF;

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(13)

Krypton, applied as a refrigerant for cooling of silicon detector trackers / Contiero, Luca (CERN) ; Barroca, Pierre (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Hafner, Armin (NTNU) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (NTNU)
The thermal management of highly irradiated silicon detectors may soon require cooling temperatures beyond the limits of -45°C for the currently applied technologies with CO2. The working fluid shall be able to approach ultra-low temperatures for large heat loads using small piping and withstand a significant amount of radiation [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2023-001.- Geneva : CERN, 2022 - Published in : Conference website Fulltext: PDF PPTX;
In : 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Trondheim, Norway, 13 - 15 Jun 2022

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(12)

Machine learning discovery of cost-efficient dry cooler designs for concentrated solar power plants / Narasiah, Hansley (University Coll. London) ; Kitouni, Ouail (MIT) ; Scorsoglio, Andrea (Arizona U.) ; Sturdza, Bernd K (Oxford U.) ; Hatcher, Shawn (Mississippi State U.) ; Katcher, Kelsi (Texas U., San Antonio) ; Khalesi, Javad (North Carolina U., Charlotte) ; Garcia, Dolores (CERN) ; Kusner, Matt J (University Coll. London)
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is one of the few sustainable energy technologies that offers day-to-night energy storage. Recent development of the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle has made CSP a potentially cost-competitive energy source. [...]
2024 - 11 p. - Published in : Sci. Rep. 14 (2024) 19086 Fulltext: PDF;

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(10)

CO2 cooling challenges at CERN for the future phase 2 upgrade program / Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Zwalinski, Lukasz (CERN)
At CERN, evaporative CO2 is the baseline cooling solution for the thermal management of the phase 2 silicon detectors. Since 2008 CO2 cooling is used in 3 detectors with capacities ranging 1 to 15 kW at -30°C. [...]
CERN-PH-DT-Note-2020-003.- Geneva : CERN, 2019 - 9 p. Access to fulltext: PDF;
In : 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Montreal, Canada, 24 - 30 Aug 2019, pp.1690

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(10)

Applying krypton as refrigerant for cooling of future particle detector trackers at CERN / Contiero, Luca (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Allouche, Yosr (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN)
Future silicon-based particle detectors at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider will be exposed to higher radiation levels, requiring the silicon sensors to be kept at lower temperatures than those provided by the current cooling systems using CO2. Aiming to achieve temperature levels unattainable by CO2 and ranging between -60 to -80°C while maintaining environmental friendliness, the use of Krypton appears promising for the thermal management of future high-energy physics detectors. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-003.- Geneva : CERN, 2024 - Published in : Conference website Fulltext: PDF;

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(9)

New insights on boiling carbon dioxide flow in mini- and micro-channels for optimal silicon detector cooling / Hellenschmidt, D. (CERN, UBONN) ; Bomben, M. (CNRS-LPNHE) ; Calderini, G. (CNRS-LPNHE) ; Boscardin, M. (FBK) ; Crivellari, M. (FBK) ; Ronchin, S. (FBK) ; Petagna, P. (CERN)
Whilst the thermal management needs of future silicon detectors are increasing, the required mass and volume minimization of all detector ancillaries gets more demanding. This requires highly effective active cooling in very small channels. [...]
AIDA-2020-PUB-2019-011.- Geneva : CERN, 2019 - 4 p. - Published in : Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 958 (2019) 162535 Fulltext: PDF; Published fulltext: PDF;
In : 15th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria, 18 - 22 Feb 2019, pp.162535

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Hybrid cycle with Krypton for cooling of future silicon detectors in HEP / Contiero, Luca (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Barroca, Pierre Andre (CERN) ; Allouche, Yosr (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN)
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will soon deliver much more radiation after LS4. The level of radiation has already pushed the current CO2 cooling unit to its limit, represented by the triple point (≈ -56°C). [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-004.- Geneva : CERN, 2022 Fulltext: PDF;

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(8)

Effects of saturation temperature on the boiling properties of carbon dioxide in small diameter pipes at low vapour quality: Heat transfer coefficient / Hellenschmidt, D (CERN) ; Petagna, P (CERN)
The renewed interest in carbon dioxide as a refrigerant stems from both the environmental friendly properties of this fluid and from its extremely favourable performance as compared to most standard refrigerants at the same temperature, in particular for all applications where small size evaporators are required. Since a dependable forecast of heat transfer is crucial for these applications and reliable predictive methods spanning a large temperature range are so far missing, a long-term study has been launched to create a consistent and reliable experimental database studying the peculiarities of boiling carbon dioxide in mini- and micro-channels, aiming at a future improvement of predictive models. This study presents results on the local heat transfer coefficient of boiling carbon dioxide at low vapour quality (0 < x < 0.4) in 200 mm-long stainless steel tubes with inner diameters of 2.15 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm. [...]
2021 - 19 p. - Published in : Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 172 (2021) 121094 Fulltext: PDF;

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An advance Krypton – CO2 cascade refrigeration unit for the Phase III Upgrade of the VELO detector at CERN / Contiero, Luca (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Allouche, Yosr (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO))
The Vertex Locator (VELO) of the LHCb (Large Hadron Collider) experiment will soon undergo the Phase III upgrade to fully read out events in a higher irradiated environment. An unprecedented amount of radiation will lead to temperature levels unmanageable by the current CO2 cooling system (2PACL) developed at CERN-Nikhef. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-002.- Geneva : CERN, 2023 - Published in : Conference website Fulltext: PDF;

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