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Author(s)
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Auffray, E (CERN) ; Dosovitskiy, G (Kurchatov Inst., Moscow) ; Fedorov, A (BSU, Minsk ; Kurchatov Inst., Moscow) ; Guz, I (Kurchatov Inst., Moscow) ; Korjik, M (BSU, Minsk) ; Kratochwill, N (CERN) ; Lucchini, M (Princeton U.) ; Nargelas, S (Vilnius U.) ; Kozlov, D (BSU, Minsk) ; Mechinsky, V (BSU, Minsk ; Kurchatov Inst., Moscow) ; Orsich, P (BSU, Minsk) ; Sidletskiy, O (Inst. Scintill. Mat., Kharkiv) ; Tamulaitis, G (Vilnius U.) ; Vaitkevičius, A (Vilnius U.) |
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Abstract
| We provide evidences that multicomponent garnet-type Ce-doped crystal GAGG (Gd$_{3}$AI$_{3}$Ga$_{3}$O$_{12}$) is a promising
scintillator to be applied in harsh irradiation environments, particularly, in high-energy physics experiments and
reactor research facilities, where long-term operation is mandatory. Applicability of this scintillator for the
upgrade of the detectors at future accelerators with high luminosity like High luminosity LHC is considered and
GAGG:Ce with different codopings is compared with Ce-doped oxyorthosilicate crystals, which are currently also
strong candidates for such applications. It is shown that the irradiation with 24 GeV protons at a fluence of
$5 \times 10^{14}$ p/cm$^2$ has no significant effect on optical absorption in the spectral range of the scintillator emission. The
contribution of radioisotopes formed in the material by irradiation with protons to the noise pedestal and the
noise energy equivalent due to harmful radio-luminescence excited by the radionuclides remains negligible at
short gates in collider experiments. Moreover, we show that the irradiation-generated color centers absorb
outside the spectral range of Ce luminescence. These centers do not significantly affect the dynamics of nonequilibrium carriers, which is responsible for the timing properties of the scintillator. The density of free carriers
decays with a characteristic time of 2 ps, while the decay constant for trapped carriers is ∼50 ns both before and
after irradiation. |