CALICE Report to the DESY Physics Research Committee
- Adloff, C. et al
- arXiv:1105.0511
| \sl Photograph of the DHCAL (left) and the RPC-TCMT (right). The photos were taken before (after) cabling of the DHCAL (RPC-TCMT). |
| \sl Photograph of the DHCAL (left) and the RPC-TCMT (right). The photos were taken before (after) cabling of the DHCAL (RPC-TCMT). |
| noimg\sl Summary of the DHCAL data taking at the Fermilab test beam facility. |
| \sl Distribution of cosmic rays, average pad multiplicity and MIP detection efficiency as function of the dip angle of cosmic rays. |
| \sl Noise rate in Hz/cm\textsuperscript{2} as function of layer number and as function of RPC number. The different colors correspond to different runs taken at different times. |
| \sl MIP detection efficiency, average pad multiplicity and calibration factors as function of detector layer as measured with broadband muons. |
| \sl Response (number of hits) to 20 GeV/c pions (left) and positrons (right) |
| \sl Display of a 60 GeV pion event with significant leakage into the RPC{}-TCMT. The observed isolated hits are part of the hadronic shower and are not due to noise. |
| Physics prototype installed at a test beam. |
| Design of the technological prototype. The left figure shows an overview of the mechanical structure and the instrumented region, while the right figure shows a section of a detector slab. |
| Design of the technological prototype. The left figure shows an overview of the mechanical structure and the instrumented region, while the right figure shows a section of a detector slab. |
| A photograph of a $9\times9$~cm$^2$ silicon sensor from Hamamatsu Photonics with 5.5~mm pixels. The inset shows a microscopic view of the guard ring area: the length of the red arrow corresponds to 750~$\mu$m. |
| Schematic of the SKIROC2 ASIC. |
| View of the PCB with integrated front end ASIC. |
| View of the PCB with integrated front end ASIC. |
| View of a ``thermal slab'', used to test integration techniques and to measure the thermal properties of the mechanical structure. Visible is a chain of interconnected test ASUs, and the continuous copper sheet which acts as a heat drain. |
| DAQ test hardware: prototype ASU - adapter board - Detector InterFace card. |
| View of the composite-tungsten demonstrator structure used to validate the construction technique. |
| View of the composite-tungsten demonstrator structure used to validate the construction technique. |
| Parts of the final mechanical structure awaiting the final assembly step. |
| Cooling tests using the demonstrator module. The ends of the nine thermal slabs are visible at the end of the mechanical structure, as is the copper heat exchanger connected to the slabs' thermal drain. |
| \em Schematic cross section of the scintillator ECAL prototype. |
| \em Scintillator ECAL LED monitoring system and temperature coefficients. |
| \em Scintillator ECAL LED monitoring system and temperature coefficients. |
| \em Scintillator ECAL second generation prototype |
| \em Strip clustering perfromance: jet energy resolution vs.\ strip length. |
| \em Scintillator ECAL second generation integrated read-out electronics layer. |
| \em Scintillator strip uniformity measured with a Sr-90 source. |
| \em The DESY 2010 testbeam: (left) test stand, showing four upstream sensors and tungsten absorber, and (right) test stand with cooling system and EUDET telescrope upstream. |
| \em (left) Distribution of the probability of a pixel registering a hit in response to a MIP, as a function of distance to the projected track, and (right) MIP efficiency as a function of the sensor digital threshold, for all four sensor variants studied. |
| \em (left) Distribution of the probability of a pixel registering a hit in response to a MIP, as a function of distance to the projected track, and (right) MIP efficiency as a function of the sensor digital threshold, for all four sensor variants studied. |
| View of W-HCAL absorber plates (left) and stack during assembly(right). |
| View of W-HCAL absorber plates (left) and stack during assembly(right). |
| Scintillator tiles layer (left), assembled module with front end electronics (right). |
| Scintillator tiles layer (left), assembled module with front end electronics (right). |
| Example of muon (left) and pion (right) event displays in the W-HCAL, for a beam energy of 8~GeV. |
| Total energy deposited in the W-HCAL: (left) 5~GeV positrons, pions and protons; (right) Muon and pion peaks for beam energies from 1 to 10~GeV. |
| Total energy deposited in the W-HCAL: (left) 5~GeV positrons, pions and protons; (right) Muon and pion peaks for beam energies from 1 to 10~GeV. |
| Layout of the T3B scintillator tiles. From the nominal beam axis, the setup extends by 15~mm to one and 435~mm to the other side. |
| Typical waveform with a high initial signal, decomposed into individual photon signals during the data analysis. Very good agreement of the original waveform and the reconstructed signal from standard single photo-electron distributions is observed. |
| (a) Pulse height distributions from $^{55}$Fe source, showing characteristic peaks from 5.9~keV and 4~keV X-rays (b) Lego plot of hits in all active channels with radioactive source (c) Pulse height distribution from cosmic ray muons, conforming to a Landau distribution (d) Lego plot of hits from cosmic ray muons which conforms to the trigger coverage area |
| (a) A schematic layout of readout boards for a Unit Chamber. (b) Proposed layer and support structure for large GEM chambers. (c) The first 30 cm $\times$ 100 cm GEM foils received from CERN. |
| Schematic view of a glass RPC |
| An electronic board of 1~m$^2$ made of 6 ASUs |
| Positions, efficiency and pad multiplicity in the 13 selected zones. |
| Positions, efficiency and pad multiplicity in the 13 selected zones. |
| Positions, efficiency and pad multiplicity in the 13 selected zones. |
| \em Cross-section drawing of a MICROMEGAS chamber for an sDHCAL. |
| \em Photograph of 2 ASUs of 48$\times$32~cm$^{2}$ with 24 HARDROC2 chips chained with flexible cables, readout boards (DIF and inter-DIF) appear in the top left corner. |
| \em From left to right: assembly of the 1 m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype, test setup in CERN/SPS/H4 line in June 2010 and recorded muon beam profile. |
| \em From left to right: assembly of the 1 m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype, test setup in CERN/SPS/H4 line in June 2010 and recorded muon beam profile. |
| \em From left to right: assembly of the 1 m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype, test setup in CERN/SPS/H4 line in June 2010 and recorded muon beam profile. |
| \em From left to right: Insertion of the m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype inside the last slot of the AHCAL-tungsten structure in CERN/PS/T9 line in November 2010. Number of hits measured at various beam energies and projection of the hits recorded at -10~GeV/c along the horizontal direction showing the contributions from beam muons, electromagnetic shower core and hadronic halo. |
| \em From left to right: Insertion of the m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype inside the last slot of the AHCAL-tungsten structure in CERN/PS/T9 line in November 2010. Number of hits measured at various beam energies and projection of the hits recorded at -10~GeV/c along the horizontal direction showing the contributions from beam muons, electromagnetic shower core and hadronic halo. |
| \em From left to right: Insertion of the m$^{2}$ MICROMEGAS prototype inside the last slot of the AHCAL-tungsten structure in CERN/PS/T9 line in November 2010. Number of hits measured at various beam energies and projection of the hits recorded at -10~GeV/c along the horizontal direction showing the contributions from beam muons, electromagnetic shower core and hadronic halo. |
| \em (Left) Position resolution for electron showers in the ECAL. The precision of track extrapolation is also shown. (Right) Angular resolution for electron showers. |
| \em (Left) Position resolution for electron showers in the ECAL. The precision of track extrapolation is also shown. (Right) Angular resolution for electron showers. |
| \em Mean radius for pion showers in the ECAL as a function of energy, compared with various physics lists in GEANT4. |
| \em Longitudinal pion shower profiles in the SiW ECAL, measured with respect to the interaction point. Data are compared with simulations, for which the breakdown into different particle species is illustrated. |
| \em (Left) Reconstructed energy for positrons in the AHCAL, showing that the non-linearity caused by SiPM saturation is largely recovered by the reconstruction (Right) energy resolution in data, compared with simulation. |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em The upper four plots compare the longitudinal profile of pion showers in the AHCAL at 8 GeV with four GEANT4 physics lists. Ratios of Monte Carlo to data for three typical energies are presented in the lower plots, at 8~GeV (left), 18~GeV and 80~GeV (right). |
| \em (Left) Fractional energy resolution for pions with software compensation (blue open symbols) and without (black closed points). (Right) Reconstructed vs.\ true energy, with fractional deviations from linearity shown in the inset. |
| \em (Left) Fractional energy resolution for pions with software compensation (blue open symbols) and without (black closed points). (Right) Reconstructed vs.\ true energy, with fractional deviations from linearity shown in the inset. |
| \em (Left) Total track length in the AHCAL and (Right) number of track segments as a function of pion energy. |
| \em (Left) Total track length in the AHCAL and (Right) number of track segments as a function of pion energy. |
| \em (Left) Mean difference between recovered and measured energy for a 10~GeV emulated neutral hadron in the proximity of two charged particle energies. (Right) RMS$_{90}$ deviation of the difference, providing an estimate of the ``confusion`` component of the neutral energy resolution. Note that the energies here are calibrated the electromagnetic energy scale, which $\sim 20\%$ underestimates the hadron energy by $\sim 20\%$. |
| \em (Left) Mean difference between recovered and measured energy for a 10~GeV emulated neutral hadron in the proximity of two charged particle energies. (Right) RMS$_{90}$ deviation of the difference, providing an estimate of the ``confusion`` component of the neutral energy resolution. Note that the energies here are calibrated the electromagnetic energy scale, which $\sim 20\%$ underestimates the hadron energy by $\sim 20\%$. |
| \em Scintillator ECAL test beam results: (left) energy resolution vs.\ beam momentum, and (right) reconstructed di-photon invariant mass ($\pi^0$ signal). |
| \em Scintillator ECAL test beam results: (left) energy resolution vs.\ beam momentum, and (right) reconstructed di-photon invariant mass ($\pi^0$ signal). |
| \em (Left) DHCAL response to pions as a function of beam energy. A linear fit is shown. (Right) fractional energy resolution for pions. The red curve includes all showers and the blue curve just those which are fully contained in the DHCAL. |
| Mean time of first hit for 10~GeV $\pi^-$ as a function of radial distance from the shower core (a tile index of 10 corresponds to approximately 30~cm). The data are compared with simulations using \texttt{QGSP\_BERT} and \texttt{QGSP\_BERT\_HP}. The error bars and the width of the area in the case of \texttt{QGSP\_BERT\_HP} simulations show the statistical error, while for \texttt{QGSP\_BERT} the errors are omitted for clarity. |
| \em Upper limits on frequencies at the 95\% confidence level of faked signals provoked in embedded electronics by high energy electromagnetic showers. The limits compared with those expected from the pure pedestal events. The limits are given as a function of a threshold for positive values of the ADC counts. The ASIC which is exposed to the beam is indicated by a larger symbol. For comparison the limits for ASICs outside of the beam are also shown. |